Quality of Life Assessment in South Indian Thyroid Patients: A Community Health Perspective
Abstract
The thyroid gland is crucial for regulating metabolism and influencing a wide array of physiological functions through its hormone production. Thyroid disorders affect millions globally, with significant impacts on individual’s quality of life and overall health. Complications arising from thyroid diseases can vary greatly, influencing both physical and emotional well-being. Given the prevalence and impact of thyroid disorders, a comprehensive evaluation of the associated complications and quality of life in affected patients is essential.The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the complications associated with thyroid disease and assess the health-related quality of life in patients with thyroid disorders. Secondary objectives include addressing safety outcomes for individuals with thyroid conditions and providing structured guidance to newly diagnosed patients to counter misinformation and improve their understanding of symptoms, causes, and treatments.The study was conducted at the Centre of Diabetes and Endocrine Care, with ethical approval from the Pranav Diabetes Centre Ethics Committee and informed consent from all participants. A systematic search strategy identified relevant data on thyroid disorders. Participants with thyroid conditions were evaluated through regular clinical and biochemical assessments. Data were analyzed using Chi sqaure statistical tests applied to determine significance. The study also examined demographic factors, such as marital status, residency., age,gender,weight gain ,hair loss,difficluty in swallowing etc. Quality of Life evaluations revealed notable variations among thyroid patients, significantly affecting their physical and emotional well-being. Therefore our study highlights that thyroid disorders significantly impact the quality of life (QoL) among South Indian patients. Factors such as healthcare access, socio-cultural influences, and treatment effectiveness play crucial roles in their well-being. Tailored interventions and support systems are essential to enhance QOL for individuals with thyroid conditions in this demographic.The research revealed a higher occurrence of thyroid disorders among married individuals, urban residents, and non-working individuals within the South Indian community. Common symptoms included weight changes and temperature sensitivity, while swallowing difficulties and fatigue varied among respondents. The study highlights the importance of clear and structured research articles to provide accurate information to newly diagnosed thyroid patients, helping them understand symptoms, causes, and treatments, and ultimately improving their quality of life.
Keywords:
Diagnosis and treatment for Thyroid Disorders, Quality of life(Qol), South Indian community, thyroid hormone,comprehensive study.DOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/References
Waugh A, Grant A. Ross and Wilson: Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. 12th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2014.
Tripathi KD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2013.
Laura B K, Sarah A S, Juan D R, Aaron J B, Aiman A A, Ryan F D, Andi D P and Eneko L N. Journal Of Drug Delivery Science And Technology (87) 2023 Page no:104861 .
Ramezani M, Reisian M, Sajadi Hezaveh Z. The effect of synbiotic supplementation on hypothyroidism: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. PLoS One. 2023;18(3):e0278312.
Gunnarsdóttir I, Brantsæter AL. Iodine: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res. 2023;67:10369.
Decrane R, Stoker T, Murr A, Ford J, El-Masri H. Cross species extrapolation of the disruption of thyroid hormone synthesis by oxyfluorfen using in vitro data, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK), and thyroid hormone kinetics models. Current Research Toxicology.
Taylor, Peter N, Albert, Diana, Scholz, Anna, Gutierrez B, Gala, Lazarus, John H, Dayan, Collin M, Okosieme and Onyebuchi E(2018).Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism nature review endocrinology 14 (5) pp.301-316 (https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/112564/1/Global%20epidemiology.pdf) .
Nilkantham S, Majumdar V, Singh A. Scientific yoga module for hypothyroidism: A study protocol for tele-yoga RCT. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2023;36:100573.
Bjerkreim BA, Hammerstad SS, Gulseth HL, Berg TJ, Omdal LJ, Lee-Ødegård S, Eriksen EF. Effect of Liothyronine Treatment on Quality of Life in Female Hypothyroid Patients With Residual Symptoms on Levothyroxine Therapy: A Randomized Crossover Study. Front Endocrinol. 2022 Feb 22;13:816566. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816566.
Li X, Meng Z, Jia Q, Ren X. Effect of L-thyroxine treatment versus a placebo on serum lipid levels in patients with sub-clinical hypothyroidism. Biomed Rep. 2016;5(4):443-9. doi: 10.3892/br.2016.745.
Bakdounes A, Bakdounes D, Akashe N, Mohsen F, Alchallah MO, Alolabi H, Darjazini Nahas L. Prevalence of Ménière’s Disease in Syrian patients with hypothyroidism: Cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;81:104405.
Bjerkreim BA, Hammerstad SS, Gulseth HL, Berg TJ, Omdal LJ, Lee-Ødegård S, Eriksen EF. Effect of Liothyronine Treatment on Quality of Life in Female Hypothyroid Patients With Residual Symptoms on Levothyroxine Therapy: A Randomized Crossover Study. Front Endocrinol. 2022 Feb 22;13:816566. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816566.
Rikke T, Helle D, Steen J etal World J Surg (2022) 46:2212–2222(https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-022-06610-0).
Bjerkreim BA, Hammerstad SS, Gulseth HL, Berg TJ, Omdal LJ, Lee-Ødegård S, Eriksen EF. Effect of Liothyronine Treatment on Quality of Life in Female Hypothyroid Patients With Residual Symptoms on Levothyroxine Therapy: A Randomized Crossover Study. Front Endocrinol. 2022 Feb 22;13:816566. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816566.
Lucaccioni L, Ficara M, Cenciarelli V, Berardi A, Predieri B, Iughetti L. Long term outcomes of infants born by mothers with thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Acta Biomed. 2021;92(1) doi: 10.23750/abm.v92i1.9696.
Jonklaas J, Bianco AC. Enhancing the patient voice: Quality of life, satisfaction, and preference during treatment of hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2022;32(10):1139-41. doi: 10.1089/thy.2022.0483. PMID: 36136911; PMCID: PMC9836669..
Rabbani E, Golgiri F, Janani L, Moradi N, Fallah S, Abiri B, Vafa M. Randomized study of the effects of zinc, vitamin A, and magnesium co-supplementation on thyroid function, oxidative stress, and hs-CRP in patients with hypothyroidism. [Published 07 January 2021]. Volume 199, pages 4074–4083.
Wildisen L, Feller M, Del Giovane C, Moutzouri E, Du Puy RS, Mooijaart SP, Collet TH, Poortvliet RKE, Kearney P, Quinn TJ, Klöppel S, Bauer DC, Peeters RP, Westendorp R, Aujesky D, Gussekloo J, Rodondi N. Effect of levothyroxine therapy on the development of depressive symptoms in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism: An ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2)
. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36645. PMID: 33566107; PMCID: PMC7876592.
Carlé A, Krejbjerg A, Laurberg P. Epidemiology of nodular goitre: Influence of iodine intake. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 28(4):465-79. Doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.01.001. PMID: 25047199.
Sorensen JR, Bonnema SJ, Godballe C. The impact of goiter and thyroid surgery on goiter-related esophageal dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018; 9:679S.
Sorensen JR, Lauridsen JF, Døssing H, et al. Thyroidectomy improves tracheal anatomy and airflow in patients with nodular goiter: a prospective cohort study. Eur Thyroid J. 2017; 6(6):307-314...
Sorensen JR, Printz T, Iwarsson J, et al. The impact of post-thyroidectomy paresis on quality of life in patients with nodular thyroid disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;161(4):589-597.
Mishra A, Sabaretnam M, Chand G, et al. Quality of life (QoL) in patients with benign thyroid goiters (pre- and post-thyroidectomy): a prospective study. World J Surg. 2013;37(10):2322-2329.
Wiersinga WM, Duntas L, Fadeyev V, Nygaard B, Vanderpump MP. 2012ETA Guidelines: The Use of L-T4 + L-T3 in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J (2012) 1(2):55–71. doi: 10.1159/000339444.
Bianchi GP, Zaccheroni V, Solaroli E, Vescini F, Cerutti R, Zoli M, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with thyroid disorders. Qual Life Res. 2004;13(1):45-54. doi: 10.1023/B.0000015315.35184.66.
Watt T, Groenvold M, Rasmussen AK, Bonnema SJ, Hegedüs L, Bjorner JB, et al. Quality of life in patients with benign thyroid disorders. A review. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(4):501-510. doi: 10.1530/eje.1.02124.
Mentuccia D, Proietti-Pannunzi L, Tanner K, Bacci V, Pollin TI, Poehlman ET, et al. Association between a novel variant of the human type 2 deiodinase gene Thr92Ala and insulin resistance: evidence of interaction with the Trp64Arg variant of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor. Diabetes. 2002;51(3):880-883. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.3.880.
Joffe RT, Brimacombe M, Levitt AJ, Stagnaro-Green A. Treatment of clinical hypothyroidism with thyroxine and triiodothyronine: a literature review and metaanalysis. Psychosomatics. 2007;48(5):379-384. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.48.5.379.
Leonardi D, Polizzotti N, Carta A, et al. Longitudinal study of thyroid function in children with mild hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(7):2679-2685.
Oren A, Wang MK, Brnjac L, Mahmud FH, PalmertMR. Mild neonatal hyperthyrotrophinaemia: 10-year experience suggests the condition is increasingly common but often transient, Clin Endocrinol. 2013; 79:832–837.
Päkkilä F, Männistö T, Surcel HM et al. Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and thyroid function of her child in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 98:965–972.
Mandel SJ, Hermos RJ, Larson CA et al. Atypical hypothy-roidism and the very low birthweight infant. Thyroid. 2000; 10: 693–695.
Skjoldebrand L, Brundin J, Carlstrom A, Petterson T. Thyroid associated components in serum during normal preg-nancy. Acta Endocrinol. 1982; 100:504–511.Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E et al. Guide.
Biondi B, Cappola AR, Cooper DS. Subclinical hypothyroidism: a review.JAMA. 2019;322(2):153-160. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9052.
Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(4):526-534. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.4.526.
Cooper DS, Biondi B. Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet. 2012;379(9821):1142-1154. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60276-6.
Biondi B, Cooper DS. The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev. 2008; 29(1):76-131.doi:10.1210/er.2006-0043.
Bekkering GE, Agoritsas T, Lytvyn L, et al. Thyroid hormones treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2019; 365:l2006. doi:10.1136/bmj.l2006.
Stott DJ, Rodondi N, Kearney PM, et al; TRUST Study Group. Thyroid hormone therapy for older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(26):2534-2544. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1603825.
Feller M, Snel M, Moutzouri E, et al. Association of thyroid hormone therapy with quality of life and thyroidrelated symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA.2018;320(13):1349-1359. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.13770.
Onklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al; American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the american thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid. 2014;24(12):1670-1751. doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0028.
Pearce SH, Brabant G, Duntas LH, Monzani F, Peeters RP, Razvi S, Wemeau JL. 2013 ETA Guideline: Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J. 2013 Dec;2(4):215-28. doi: 10.1159/000356507. Epub 2013 Nov 27. PMID: 24783053; PMCID: PMC3923601.
Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Maraka S, Ospina NS, Montori VM, Brito JP. Levothyroxine overuse: time for an about face? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 Apr;5(4):246-248. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30276-5. Epub 2016 Oct 28. PMID: 28029536.
Mikulic M. Top chemical substances dispensed in England 2023, by item number. Health, Pharma & Medtech› Pharmaceutical Products & Market. 2024 Jun 11.
Allport J, McCahon D, Hobbs FR, Roberts LM. Why are GPs treating subclinical hypothyroidism? Case note review and GP survey. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2013;14(2):175-84. doi: 10.1017/S1463423612000230.
Published
Abstract Display: 0 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 babiker bashir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
