COGNITIVE ENHANCING, ANTI ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF TAGETES ERECTA AGAINST DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA IN RODENTS
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be involved in cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Diazepam (DZP) administration has been chosen to simulate the memory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate Anti-amnesic activity of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta flower heads using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The extract was also evaluated for its anti-oxidant potential. Anti-amnesic activity of the extract was screened by using diazepam induced (acute) amnesic model using actophotometer and cook’s pole climbing apparatus. In-vitro anticholinesterase (AChE) using Ellman’s assay was estimated. Anti-oxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by using reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. The acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract was safe up to 2000 mg/kg bd. wt. The METE at two doses levels 200 and 400 mg/kg bd. wt reversed the memory deficit induced by diazepam in mice models. The extract significantly scavenged the free radicals in dose dependant manner. The presence of active constituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenols in methanolic extract of flower heads of Tagetes erecta might be responsible for its anti-amnesic, anti-cholinesterase and anti-oxidant activity.
Keywords:
Tagetes erecta, anti amnesic, AChE inhibition, diazepam, antioxidantDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2018.100607References
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24. Abraham MTE. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2006; 44:198.
25. Tong Y, Zhou W, Fung V, Christensen MA, Qing H, Sun X, Song W. Oxidative stress potentiates BACE1 gene expression and Aβ generation. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2005; 112(3): 455–469.
2. Bigoniya P, Shukla AK. Nootropic efficacy of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn phytosterol on mice. International Journal of Phytotherapy. 2015; 5(1):22–32.
3. Dimitrova D, Mihaylova A, Getova D. Comparison of the effects of different doses diazepam on learning and memory processes in rats using active and passive avoidance tests. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research. 2015; 5(2):112–116.
4. Chakravarthi KK, Avadhani R. Beneficial effect of aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on learning and memory using different behavioral models: an experimental study. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine. 2013; 4:420–425.
5. Kumar M, Garg A, Parle M. Amelioration of diazepam induced memory impairment by fruit of Cucumis sativus L in aged mice by using animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research. 2014-2015; 6(4):1015–1023.
6. Zhu X, Smith MA, Honda K, Aliev G, Moreira PI, Nunomura A, Casadesus G, Harris PLR, Siedlak SL, Perry G. Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2007; 257:240–246.
7. Ferri P, Prince M, Brayne C, Brodaty H, Fratiglioni L, Ganguli M, Hall K, Hasegawa K, Hendrie H, Huang Y, Jorrn A, Mathers C, Menezes PR, Rimmer E, Scazufca M. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. The Lancet. 2005; 366(9503): 2112–2117.
8. Lu SH, Wu JW, Liu HL, Zhao JH, Liu KT, Chuang CK, Lin HY, Tsai WB, Ho Y. The discovery of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: a combination of pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, and molecular docking studies. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2011; 18(1): 1-8.
9. Guglielmotto M, Tamagno E, Danni O. Oxidative stress and hypoxia contribute to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis: two sides of the same coin,” The Scientific World Journal. 2009; 9:781–791.
10. Nadakarni KM. The Indian Materia Medica. Popular prakashan. Bombay. 1954.
11. Kadam PV, Bhingare CL, Sumbe RB, Nikam RY, Patil MJ. Pharmacocognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical investigation of Tagetes erecta Linn flowers (Asteraceae). Journal of Biological and Scientific Opinion. 2013; 1(1): 21- 4.
12. Nikkon F, Habib MR, Saud ZA, Karim MR. Tagetes erecta Linn. and its mosquitocidal potency against Culex quinquefasciatus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011; 1(3):186-8.
13. Valyova M, Stoyanov S, Markovska Y, Ganeva Y. Evaluation of in-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Variety of Tagetes erecta L. Flowers growing in Bulgaria. Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod. 2012; 5(2):19-25.
14. Devika R, Justin K. Screening and evaluation of bioactive components of Tagetes erecta L. by GC – MS Analysis. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2014; 7(2):58-60.
15. Kannan R, Sivaraman D, Muralidharan P, Deepakvenkataraman N. Neuroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of areca catechu linn on β-amyloid (25-35) induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. International journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy. 2013; 4(5):747-753.
16. Ellman G, Courtney K, Andres V, Featherstone R. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1961; 7(2):88-95.
17. Jung H, Jin S, Choi R., Kim D, Kim Y, Ryu J, Kim D, Son Y, Park J, Choi J. Anti-amnesic activity of neferine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, as well as inhibition of ChEs and BACE1. Life Sciences. 2010; 87(13-14):420-430.
18. Curcio CA, Kemper T. Nucleus rape dorsalis in dementia of the Alzheimer type: Neurofibrillary changes and neuronal packing density. Journal of Neuropathology and Expeimental Neurology. 1984; 43 (4): 359–368.
19. Szwajgier D. Anticholinesterase activity of selected phenolic acids and flavonoids – interaction testing in model solutions. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2015; 22(4): 690–694.
20. Ruszkowski P, Bobkiewicz-Kozlowska T. Natural Triterpenoids and their Derivatives with Pharmacological Activity against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry. 2014; 11:307-315.
21. Alam NM, Bristi NJ, Rafiquzzaman Md. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2013; 21:143–152.
22. Dianzani M, Barrera G. Pathology and physiology of lipid peroxidation and its carbonyl products, in Alvarez S and Evelson P (ed), Free Radical pathophysiology, 2008; pp 19-38, Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India, ISBN: 978-81-7895-311-3.
23. Boveris A, Repetto MG, Bustamante J, Boveris AD, Valdez LB. The concept of oxidative stress in pathology, in Alvarez S and Evelson P (ed), Free Radical Pathophysiology, 2008; pp 19-38, Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India, ISBN: 978-81-7895-31.
24. Abraham MTE. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2006; 44:198.
25. Tong Y, Zhou W, Fung V, Christensen MA, Qing H, Sun X, Song W. Oxidative stress potentiates BACE1 gene expression and Aβ generation. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2005; 112(3): 455–469.
Published
01-01-2018
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“COGNITIVE ENHANCING, ANTI ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF TAGETES ERECTA AGAINST DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA IN RODENTS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 10, no. 6, Jan. 2018, pp. 474-9, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2018.100607.
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How to Cite
“COGNITIVE ENHANCING, ANTI ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF TAGETES ERECTA AGAINST DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA IN RODENTS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 10, no. 6, Jan. 2018, pp. 474-9, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2018.100607.
