Alzheimer's Disease Across the Lifespan: A Comparative Review of Early-Life Determinants and Adult Neurodegeneration
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, but there are increasing recognition the role of early-life factors in its development. This comparative review examines the interplay between developmental factors, such as nutrition, education, psychosocial stress, and the environment, and adult neuropathology in determining risk of AD. Through integration of epidemiological, clinical and experimental research, the review highlights the risk trajectory that spans early life to late age. Early exposures to adverse events such as suboptimal cognitive stimulation and metabolic imbalance may set the stage for anatomical and physiological brain changes that develop into dementia. On the other hand, factors such as cognitive stimulation and nutrition seem to reduce risk. Neurodegenerative disease in adulthood is considered in the context of these early determinants, with a focus on how biological and environmental factors interact to accelerate or slow down the disease process. Such a view of AD expands the traditional consideration of the disease as an ageing process and prioritises holistic approaches to prevention across the life course. Finally, the review calls for the coordination of public health strategies across the life course to minimizing impact of Alzheimer's disease.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, Early life, Neurodegeneration, Lifespan, Public healthDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2026.180404References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Kumar Kirwale, Devendra Shirode, Varsha Korde, Harsh Pukale, Akshada Bhoyarekar
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