PHYTOSOME: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HERBAL MEDICINE
Abstract
The term “phyto” means plant while “some” means cell-like. Phytosomes are little cell like structure. This is advanced forms of herbal formulations which contains the bioactive phytoconsituents of herb extract surrounds and bound by a lipid. Most of the bioactive constituents of phytomedicines are water-soluble compounds like flavonoids, glycosides; terpenoids in which flavonoids are a major class of bioactive compounds possesses broad therapeutic activities. Because of water soluble herbal extract and lipophilic outer layer phytosomes shows better absorption and as a result produce better bioavailability and actions than the conventional herbal extracts containing dosage form. They are produced by a patented process whereby the standardized plant extract or its constituents are bound to phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, producing a lipid compatible molecular complex. This phyto-phospholipid complex (phytosome) resembles a little cell. Phytosomes exhibit better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile than conventional herbal extracts. Phytosome technology has been effectively used to enhance the bioavailability of many popular herbal extracts including milk thistle, ginkgo biloba, grape seed, green tea, hawthorn, ginseng etc and can be developed for various therapeutic uses or dietary supplements.
Keywords:
Phytosomes, flavonoids, phospholipids, bioavailabilityDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020401References
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16. Franco PG, Bombardelli, E. Complex Coppouns of Bioflavonoids With Phospholipids, Their Preparation, Uses and Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Compositions Containing Them. U.S. Patent No-EPO 275005. 1998.
17. Jain NK, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery. CBS publisher New Delhi, 2001.
18. Valenzuela A, Aspillaga M, Vial S, Guerra R. Selectivity of Silymarin on the Increase of the Glutathione Content in Different Tissues of the Rat. Planta Med, 1989; 55:420-22.
19. Hikino H, Kiso Y, Wagner H, Fiebig M. Antihepatotoxic Actions of Flavonolignans from Silybum Marianum Fruits. Planta Med. 1984; 50:248-250.
20. Kidd PM. Phosphatidylcholine: A Superior Protectant against Liver Disease. Altern Med Rev. 1996; 1:258-74.
21. Francesco D P, Anna B M, Angela B, Maurizio L, Andrea C. Green Select Phytosome as an Adjunct to a Low-Calorie Diet for Treatment of Obesity: A Clinical Trial. Altern Med Rev 2009;14:154-160
22. Mukherjee K, Maiti K, Venkatesh M, Mukherjee PK. Phytosome of Hesperetin, A Value Added Formulation with Phytomolecules. 60th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress; New Delhi, 2008, p. 287.
23. Yanyu X, Yunmei S, Zhipeng C, Quineng P. The Preparation of Silybin-Phospholipid Complex and the Study on Its Pharmacokinetics in Rats. Int J Pharm. 2006; 307:77-82.
24. Ravarotto L. Eficacy of Silymarin-Phospholipid Complex in Reducing the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1in Broiler Chicks. Poult Sci. 2004; 83:1839-43.
25. Busby A, LaGrange L, Edwards J, King J. The use of A Silymarin/ Phospholipid Compound As A Fetoprotectant From Ethanol-Induced Behavioral Deficits. J Herb Pharmacother. 2002; 2:39-47.
26. Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Gantait A, Ahamed HN, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Enhanced Therapeutic Benefit of Quercetin–Phospholipid Complex In Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Acute Liver Injury In Rats: A Comparative Study. Iran J Pharmacol Ther. 2005; 4:84–90.
27. Barzaghi N, Crema F, Gatti G, Pifferi G, Perucca E. Pharmacokinetic Studies on Idb 1016, A Silybin Phosphatidylcholine Complex In Healthy Human Subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1990; 15:333-38.
28. Moscarella S, Giusti A, Marra F, Marena C, Lampertico M, Relli P, Gentilini P, Buzzelli G. Therapeutic And Antilipoperoxidant Effects of Silybin Phosphatidylcholine Complex In Chronic Liver Disease: Preliminary Results. Curr Ther Res. 1993; 53:98-102.
29. La Grange L, Wang M, Watkins R, Ortiz D, Sanchez ME, Konst J, Lee C, Reyes E. Protective Effects of The Flavonoids Mixture, Silymarin, On Fetal Rat Brain and Liver. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 65:53-61.
30. Schwitters B, Masquelier J. OPC in Practice: Biflavanals and Their Application. Alfa Omega Rome. Italy 1993.
31. Phospholipids: The Vital Lipids [online]. 2010 [cited 2010 Mar 26]. Available from: URL: www.phospholipidsonline.com
32. Vitamedics, Phytosome Products [online]. 2008 [cited 2008 Sep 19]. Available from: URL: http://www.vitamedics.com
2. Bombardelli E, Curri SB, Della RL, Del NP, Tubaro A, Gariboldi P. Complexes Between Phospholipids and Vegetal Derivatives of Biological Interest. Fitoterapia. 1989; 60:1-9.
3. Dang Yi. New product concept. UPC code 0300540111783. 2000.
4. Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C. Polyphenols: Food Sources and Bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79:727-47.
5. Mascarella S. Therapeutic and Antilipoperoxidant Effects of Silybin-Phosphatidylcholine Complex in Chronic Liver Disease, Preliminary Results. Curr Ther Res. 1993; 53:98-102.
6. Bombardelli E, Cristoni A, Morazzoni P. Phytosomes in Functional Cosmetics. Fitoterapia. 1994; 95:387-401.
7. Bombardelli E. Phytosome: New Cosmetic Delivery System. Boll Chim Farm. 1991; 130:431-38.
8. Bombardelli E, Spelta M. Phospholipid-Polyphenol Complexes: A New Concept in Skin Care Ingredients. Cosm & Toil.1991; 106:69-76.
9. Murray D. Phytosomes- Increase the Absorption of Herbal Extract [online]. 2008 [cited 2008 Sep 28]. Available from: URL: www.doctormurray.com/articles/silybin.htm
10. Phytosomes: A Technical Revolution in Phytomedicine [online]. 2010 [cited 2010 Mar 22]. Available from: URL: http:// www.indena.com
11. Jose MM, Bombardelli E. Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing Flavanolignans and Phospholipida Active Principles. U.S. Patent EPO209037. 1987.
12. Sharma S, Sikarwar M. Phytosome: A Review. Planta Indica .2005; 1:1-3.
13. Kidd P, Head K. A Review of the Bioavailability and Clinical Efficacy of Milk Thistle Phytosome: A Silybinphosphatidylcholine Complex. Altern Med Rev. 2005; 10:193-203.
14. Bombardelli E, Spelta M, Loggia Della R, Sosa S, Tubaro A. Aging Skin: Protective Effect of Silymarin- Phytosome. Fitoterapia. 1991; 62:115-22.
15. Bombardelli E, Mustich G. Bilobalide Phospholipid Complex, Their Uses and Formulation Containing Them. U.S. Patent EPO-275005. 1991.
16. Franco PG, Bombardelli, E. Complex Coppouns of Bioflavonoids With Phospholipids, Their Preparation, Uses and Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Compositions Containing Them. U.S. Patent No-EPO 275005. 1998.
17. Jain NK, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery. CBS publisher New Delhi, 2001.
18. Valenzuela A, Aspillaga M, Vial S, Guerra R. Selectivity of Silymarin on the Increase of the Glutathione Content in Different Tissues of the Rat. Planta Med, 1989; 55:420-22.
19. Hikino H, Kiso Y, Wagner H, Fiebig M. Antihepatotoxic Actions of Flavonolignans from Silybum Marianum Fruits. Planta Med. 1984; 50:248-250.
20. Kidd PM. Phosphatidylcholine: A Superior Protectant against Liver Disease. Altern Med Rev. 1996; 1:258-74.
21. Francesco D P, Anna B M, Angela B, Maurizio L, Andrea C. Green Select Phytosome as an Adjunct to a Low-Calorie Diet for Treatment of Obesity: A Clinical Trial. Altern Med Rev 2009;14:154-160
22. Mukherjee K, Maiti K, Venkatesh M, Mukherjee PK. Phytosome of Hesperetin, A Value Added Formulation with Phytomolecules. 60th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress; New Delhi, 2008, p. 287.
23. Yanyu X, Yunmei S, Zhipeng C, Quineng P. The Preparation of Silybin-Phospholipid Complex and the Study on Its Pharmacokinetics in Rats. Int J Pharm. 2006; 307:77-82.
24. Ravarotto L. Eficacy of Silymarin-Phospholipid Complex in Reducing the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1in Broiler Chicks. Poult Sci. 2004; 83:1839-43.
25. Busby A, LaGrange L, Edwards J, King J. The use of A Silymarin/ Phospholipid Compound As A Fetoprotectant From Ethanol-Induced Behavioral Deficits. J Herb Pharmacother. 2002; 2:39-47.
26. Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Gantait A, Ahamed HN, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Enhanced Therapeutic Benefit of Quercetin–Phospholipid Complex In Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Acute Liver Injury In Rats: A Comparative Study. Iran J Pharmacol Ther. 2005; 4:84–90.
27. Barzaghi N, Crema F, Gatti G, Pifferi G, Perucca E. Pharmacokinetic Studies on Idb 1016, A Silybin Phosphatidylcholine Complex In Healthy Human Subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1990; 15:333-38.
28. Moscarella S, Giusti A, Marra F, Marena C, Lampertico M, Relli P, Gentilini P, Buzzelli G. Therapeutic And Antilipoperoxidant Effects of Silybin Phosphatidylcholine Complex In Chronic Liver Disease: Preliminary Results. Curr Ther Res. 1993; 53:98-102.
29. La Grange L, Wang M, Watkins R, Ortiz D, Sanchez ME, Konst J, Lee C, Reyes E. Protective Effects of The Flavonoids Mixture, Silymarin, On Fetal Rat Brain and Liver. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 65:53-61.
30. Schwitters B, Masquelier J. OPC in Practice: Biflavanals and Their Application. Alfa Omega Rome. Italy 1993.
31. Phospholipids: The Vital Lipids [online]. 2010 [cited 2010 Mar 26]. Available from: URL: www.phospholipidsonline.com
32. Vitamedics, Phytosome Products [online]. 2008 [cited 2008 Sep 19]. Available from: URL: http://www.vitamedics.com
Published
01-10-2010
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“PHYTOSOME: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HERBAL MEDICINE”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 2, no. 4, Oct. 2010, pp. 224-8, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020401.
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How to Cite
“PHYTOSOME: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HERBAL MEDICINE”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 2, no. 4, Oct. 2010, pp. 224-8, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020401.
