AYURVEDIC DRUGS IN PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF AGE RELATED COGNITIVE DECLINE: A REVIEW
Abstract
Age related cognitive decline is a term reserved for abnormal cognitive function less severe than dementia in person older than 50. It is considered as a prior condition to senile dementia. The term dementia signifies cognitive deterioration so severe that social and occupational functioning of an individual is markedly impaired to such an extent that he can no longer remain a fully independent and productive citizen. As the disease progresses, the personality of an individual also changes and subsequently, social withdrawal take a hold. Advanced dementia is characterized by progressive loss of personality and increasing disability to perform even a simplest task. According to World Health Organization, it is estimated that 5% of men and 6% of women of above 60 years of age affected with Alzheimer’s type of dementia worldwide. According to Alzheimer’s Disease International there are 35.6 million people living with dementia worldwide in 2010, increasing to 65.7 million by 2030 and 115.4 million by 2050. Degeneration of the cerebral neurons is one of the commonest and important causes of dementia with advancing age which leads to deterioration of quality of life in elderly. Therefore it is of prime importance to curb this progress of cognitive decline before it crosses the threshold to dementia. Ayuveda is full of evidences regarding use of single drugs or formulations in age related cognitive decline. The drugs either mentioned as Medhya rasayanas specifically or other having Medhya activity can be potentially used for prevention and management of age related cognitive decline.
Keywords:
Ayurveda, Medhya rasayana, cognitive deficits, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, learning and memoryDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2012.040303References
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23. Dhingra D, Parle M, Kulkarni SK. Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Apr; 91(2-3): 361-5.
24. Hasanein P. Glabridin as a major active isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) reverses learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats. Acta Physiol Hung, 2011 Jun, 98 (2):221-30.
25. Cui YM, Ao MZ, Li W, Yu LJ. Effect of glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra on learning and memory in mice. Planta Med. 2008 Mar; 74(4): 377-80.
26. Parle M, Dhingra D, Kulkarni SK. Memory-strengthening activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in exteroceptive and interoceptive behavioral models. J Med Food. 2004; 7(4):462-6.
27. Sharma K, Bhatnagar M, Kulkarni SK. Effects of Convolvulus pluricaulis choisy and Asparagus racemosus Willd. on learning and memory in young and old mice: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Experimental Biology 2010; 48: 479-485.
28. Nahata A, Patil UK, Dixit VK. Effect of Convulvulus pluricaulis Choisy. on learning behavior and memory enhancement activity in rodents. Natural Product Research 2008; 22:1472–1482.
29. Bihaqi SW, Sharma M, Singh AP, Tiwari M. Neuroprotective role of Convolvulus pluricaulis on aluminium induced neurotoxicity in rat brain. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009; 124(3): 409-415.
30. Bairy KL, Rao Y, Kumar KB. Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia on Learning and Memory in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2004; 3(2): 57-60.
31. Agarwal A, Malini S, Bairy KL, Rao MS. Effect of Tinospora Cordifolia on Learning and Memory in Normal and Memory Deficit Rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2002; 34: 339-349.
32. Ansari MN, Bhandari U, Islam F, Tripathi CD. Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes Burm in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rats. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 2008; 22(3): 305-314.
33. Thippeswamy BS, Nagakannan P, Shivasharan BD, Mahendran S, Veerapur VP, Badami S. Protective effect of embelin from Embelia ribes Burm. against transient global ischemia-induced brain damage in rats. Neurotox Res. 2011; 20(4): 379-86.
34. Singh N. Effect of Celastrus paniculatus on Learning, Memory and Serum biochemistry of Aging Albino Rats. Indian Journal of Gerontology 2006; 20(4): 310-316.
35. Lekha G, Kumar BP, Rao SN, Arockiasamy I, Mohan K. Cognitive enhancement and Neuroprotective effect of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. seed oil (Jyothismati oil) on male Wistar rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 2010; 2(2): 130-138
36. Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Sairam K, Ghoshal S. Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides: an experimental study. Phytomedicine 2000; 7(6):463-9.
37. Sehgal N, Gupta A, Valli RK, Joshi SD, Mills JT, Hamel E, Khanna P, Jain SC, Thakur SS, Ravindranath P. Withania somnifera reverses Alzheimer's disease pathology by enhancing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 28; 109(9):3510-5.
38. Jaiprakasam B, Padmanabhan K, Nair MG. Withanamides in Withania somnifera fruit protects PC-12 cells from beta-amyloid responsible for Alzheimer's disease. Phytother Res 2010; 24(6): 859-63.
2. Fratiglioni L, De Ronchi D, Aguero- Torres H. Worldwide Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia. Drugs Aging 1999; 15: 365-75.
3. Wimo A, Prince M. Global Economic Impact of Dementia, 2010. Alzheimer’s disease International, World Alzheimer Report 2010.
4. Shastry K, Chaturvedi G. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 1-3/ 30-31 with “Vidyotini” Hindi commentary, Part 1 and 2, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 1996.
5. Chunekar KC. Commentary on Bhavaprakash Nighantu of Shri Bhavamishra. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2002. Guduchyadi Varga, Brahmi.
6. Chunekar KC. Commentary on Bhavaprakash Nighantu of Shri Bhavamishra. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2002. Haritakyadi Varga, Jyotishmati.
7. Ambikadutta Shastri. Sushruta Samhita with “Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika” commentary part 1 and 2, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1995.
8. Chunekar KC. Commentary on Bhavaprakash Nighantu of Shri Bhavamishra. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2002. Guduchyadi Varga, Ashwagandha.
9. Vollala VR, Upadhyaya S, Nayak S. Learning and memory enhancing effect of Bacopa monniera in neonatal rats. Bratisl Lek Listy 2011; 112 (12): 663-669
10. Agrawal A, Rajamanickam GV, Dubey GP. Ayurvedic Drugs in the Prevention and Management of Neuro-degenerative Disorders. 10-AYU-N10.PM70 P 20-4-2006 I.
11. Saraf MK, Prabhakar S, Khanduja KL, Anand A. Bacopa monniera Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Impairment of Spatial Memory in Mice. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011; Article ID 236186.
12. Goswami S, Saoji A, Kumar N, Thawani V, Tiwari M, Thawani M. Effect of Bacopa monnieri on Cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease patients. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health 2011; 3(4): 285-293.
13. Uabundit N, Wattanathorn J, Mucimapura S, Ingkaninan K. Cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective effects of Bacopa monnieri in Alzheimer's disease model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jan 8; 127(1): 26-31.
14. Jyoti A, Sethi P, Sharma D. Bacopa monniera prevents from aluminium neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex of rat brain. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 111(1): 56-62.
15. Calabrese C, Gregory WL, Leo M, Kraemer D, Bone K, Oken B. Effects of a Standardized Bacopa monnieri Extract on Cognitive Performance, Anxiety, and Depression in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2008; 14(6): 707-713.
16. Saini N, Singh D, Sandhir R. Neuroprotective Effects of Bacopa monnieri in Experimental Model of Dementia. Neurochem Res 2012; 37(9):1928-37.
17. Xu MF, Xiong YY, Liu JK, Qian JJ, Zhu L, Gao J. Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene in Centella asiatica, attenuates glutamate-induced cognitive deficits in mice and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Acta Pharmacol. 2012; 33(5):578-587.
18. Rao SB, Chetana M, Uma Devi P. Centella asiatica treatment during postnatal period enhances learning and memory in mice. Physiol Behav 2005 Nov 15; 86(4): 449-457.
19. Veerendra Kumar MH, Gupta YK. Effect of different extracts of Centella asiatica on cognition and markers of oxidative stress in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Feb; 79(2): 253-60.
20. Veerendra Kumar MH, Gupta YK. Effect of Centella asiatica on cognition and oxidative stress in an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003; 30(5-6): 336-42.
21. Mohandas Rao KG, Muddanna Rao S, Gurumadhva Rao S. Enhancement of Amygdaloid Neuronal Dendritic Arborization by Fresh Leaf Juice of Centella asiatica (Linn) During Growth Spurt Period in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Jun; 6(2):203-10.
22. Chen Y, Han T, Qin L, Rui Y, Zheng H. Effect of total triterpenes from Centella asiatica on the depression behavior and concentration of amino acid in forced swimming mice. Zhong Yao Cai.2003 Dec; 26(12):870-3.
23. Dhingra D, Parle M, Kulkarni SK. Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Apr; 91(2-3): 361-5.
24. Hasanein P. Glabridin as a major active isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) reverses learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats. Acta Physiol Hung, 2011 Jun, 98 (2):221-30.
25. Cui YM, Ao MZ, Li W, Yu LJ. Effect of glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra on learning and memory in mice. Planta Med. 2008 Mar; 74(4): 377-80.
26. Parle M, Dhingra D, Kulkarni SK. Memory-strengthening activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in exteroceptive and interoceptive behavioral models. J Med Food. 2004; 7(4):462-6.
27. Sharma K, Bhatnagar M, Kulkarni SK. Effects of Convolvulus pluricaulis choisy and Asparagus racemosus Willd. on learning and memory in young and old mice: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Experimental Biology 2010; 48: 479-485.
28. Nahata A, Patil UK, Dixit VK. Effect of Convulvulus pluricaulis Choisy. on learning behavior and memory enhancement activity in rodents. Natural Product Research 2008; 22:1472–1482.
29. Bihaqi SW, Sharma M, Singh AP, Tiwari M. Neuroprotective role of Convolvulus pluricaulis on aluminium induced neurotoxicity in rat brain. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009; 124(3): 409-415.
30. Bairy KL, Rao Y, Kumar KB. Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia on Learning and Memory in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2004; 3(2): 57-60.
31. Agarwal A, Malini S, Bairy KL, Rao MS. Effect of Tinospora Cordifolia on Learning and Memory in Normal and Memory Deficit Rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2002; 34: 339-349.
32. Ansari MN, Bhandari U, Islam F, Tripathi CD. Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes Burm in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rats. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 2008; 22(3): 305-314.
33. Thippeswamy BS, Nagakannan P, Shivasharan BD, Mahendran S, Veerapur VP, Badami S. Protective effect of embelin from Embelia ribes Burm. against transient global ischemia-induced brain damage in rats. Neurotox Res. 2011; 20(4): 379-86.
34. Singh N. Effect of Celastrus paniculatus on Learning, Memory and Serum biochemistry of Aging Albino Rats. Indian Journal of Gerontology 2006; 20(4): 310-316.
35. Lekha G, Kumar BP, Rao SN, Arockiasamy I, Mohan K. Cognitive enhancement and Neuroprotective effect of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. seed oil (Jyothismati oil) on male Wistar rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 2010; 2(2): 130-138
36. Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Sairam K, Ghoshal S. Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides: an experimental study. Phytomedicine 2000; 7(6):463-9.
37. Sehgal N, Gupta A, Valli RK, Joshi SD, Mills JT, Hamel E, Khanna P, Jain SC, Thakur SS, Ravindranath P. Withania somnifera reverses Alzheimer's disease pathology by enhancing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 28; 109(9):3510-5.
38. Jaiprakasam B, Padmanabhan K, Nair MG. Withanamides in Withania somnifera fruit protects PC-12 cells from beta-amyloid responsible for Alzheimer's disease. Phytother Res 2010; 24(6): 859-63.
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01-07-2012
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“AYURVEDIC DRUGS IN PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF AGE RELATED COGNITIVE DECLINE: A REVIEW”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 4, no. 3, July 2012, pp. 183-90, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2012.040303.
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How to Cite
“AYURVEDIC DRUGS IN PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF AGE RELATED COGNITIVE DECLINE: A REVIEW”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 4, no. 3, July 2012, pp. 183-90, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2012.040303.
