ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF FERONIA ELEPHANTUM CORREA LEAF AND BARK ON MALE ALBINO RATS
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effective concentration of ethanol extract of Feronia elephantum leaf and bark on male reproductive system of albino rats. The study was divided into four groups of five animals each. The first group (I) received distilled water for a period of 14 days, served as control. The groups II, III and IV of animals were administered the ethanol leaf extract daily at 400mg/kg body weight, bark extract daily at 400 mg/kg body weight and 1:1 ratio of leaf (200mg/kg b.wt) and bark (200mg/kg b.wt) extract of Feronia elephantum respectively for a period of 14days. Significant decreases in the weight of testis (p<0.05), epididymis (p<0.01) and seminal vesicle (p<0.05) were observed. The results of the hormonal assay showed that, increased serum levels of FSH and estrogen but decreases in the serum levels of LH and testosterone compared to control. The results showed that, Feronia elephantum has effects on male rat reproduction, affecting the sexual behavior and epididymal sperm concentration.
Keywords:
Feronia elephantum, epididymis, testis, seminal vesicleDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2013.050104References
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21. Macini RE, Castrol A, Serguer AC. Histological localization of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones in the rat testis. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1967; 15: 516-526.
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29. Udoh P, Kehinde A. Studies on Antifertility effects of paw paw seeds (Carica papaya) on the gonads of male Albino rats. Phytother. Res. 1997; 13: 226-228.
30. Udobh P, Ekipeyong J. Effects of Mucunaurens (Horse eye bean) on the gonads of male Guinea pigs. Phytother, Res. 2001; 15: 99-102.
31. Udoh P, Essien I, Udoh F. Effect of Carica papaya (paw paw) seeds extract on the morphology of pituitary-gonadal axis of male abino rats. Phytotherapy, Res. 2005 a; 19: 1065-1068.
32. Udoh FV, Udoh PB. Hepatotoxicity of the methanol extract of Carica papaya seeds in Wistar Rats. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2005; 43: 349-352.
33. Udoh FV Udoh PB, Umon EE. Activity of alkaloid extract of Carica papaya seeds on reproductive functions in male Wistar rats. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2005; 43: 563-567.
34. Carr BR, Blackwell RE. Neuroendocrinology of reproduction In: Textbook Reproductive Medicine Carr and Blackwell RE (eds). Norwalk: Appleton and Lange. 1993, pp. 157.
35. Chinoy RJ, Padman P. Antifertility investigation and benzene extract of Carica papaya seeds in male albino rats. J. Med. Aromatic Plant Sci. 1996; 18: 489-494.
36. Watche P, Kamtechouing P, Sokeng S, Moundipa PF, Tantchu J, Essame JL, Kaveeta N. Reversible antispermatogenic and antifertility activity of Mondia whitei. L.in male albino rats. Phytother. Res. 2001; 15: 26-9.
37. Dwivedi AK, Chaudhary M, Sarine JPS. Standardisation of 9 new spermicidal agent sapindussaponin and its estimation in its formation. Indian. J. Pharm. Sci. 1990; 52: 165-167.
38. Patra A, Misra SK, Chaudhury SK. “Constituents of lomonia acidissima application of two dimensional NMR Spectroscopy in structure elucidation”. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1988; 65(3): 205-208.
39. Crabbe P. Some aspects of steroid research based on natural product from plant origin. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1979; 88: 5-7.
40. US National academy of Sciences, Publication. Neem- a tree for Sloving global problems. For thousands of years the beneficial properties of Neem office of International affairs, 1992.
41. Handelsman DJ. Hormonal male contraception. In: Puri CP. Van Look PFA. Editors. Current concepts in fertility regulation and reproduction. New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 1994; pp. 133.
42. Upadhyay SN, Dhawan S, Talwar GP. Antifertility effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil in male rats by single intra-vas administration. An alternate approach to vasectomy. J. Androl. 1993; 14: 275-281.
43. Shajeela PS, Mohan VR, Loius Jesudas L, TresinaSoris P. Antifertility activity of Discorea sculenta (L.) Schott on male albino rats. Int. J. of PharmTech Res. 2011; 3: 946-954.
2. Madhumitha G, Saral AM. Free radical scavenging assay of Thevetia neriifolia leaf extracts. Asian Journal of chemistry 2009; 21: 2468-2470.
3. Madhumitha G, Saral AM. Antimicrobial activity of successive extracts of Thevetia neriifolia. Asian Journal of Chemistry 2009; 21: 2471-2472.
4. Hiremath SP, Rudresh K, Badani S, Patil SB, Patil SR. Post-coital antifertility of Aealypha indiac. L. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 67: 226-228.
5. WHO. Reproductive health research at WHO: a new beginning, Biennial Report 1998-99, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2000.
6. Govil JN Ed. Current concepts of Multidiscipline Approach to the Medicinal plants (Part I), Vol.XII. Today and tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, 1998, pp. 1-28.
7. Maheswari JK. Ethnobotany and Medicinal plants of Indian subcontinental Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, 2005; 655.
8. OECD. (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals/section 4: Health Effects Test No.423; Acute Oral Toxicity-Acute Toxic class method, OECD.
9. Zaneveld LJD and Pelakoski. Collection and physical examination of the ejaculate. In: Hafez ESE(ed). Techniques in human andrology. Vol.I, Human reproductive medicine. North-Holland Publishing company, Asterdam, 1997, pp. 147-172
10. Linde RE, Strader LF, Slot VL and Suarez JD. End points of spermatotoxicity in the rat after short duration exposures to fourteen reproductive toxicants. Reprod. Toxicol. 1992; 6: 491-505.
11. Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin’s phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1951; 193: 265-275.
12. Varley H. Practical clinical biochemistry, Arnold Heinemann Publication Pvt. Ltd. 1976, pp. 452.
13. Owen JA, Iggo JB, Scongrett FJ and steward IP. Determination of creatinine in plasma serum, a critical examination. J. Biochem. 1954; 58: 426-437
14. Reitman S and Frankel SA. Colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am.J.Clin. Pathol.1957; 28: 56-63.
15. King EJ, Armstrong AR. Determination of serum and bile phosphate activity. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1934; 31: 56-63.
16. Sharma N, Jacob D. Anti-fertility investigation and toxicological screening of the Petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Mentha arvensis L. in male albinomice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 75: 5-72.
17. Khan PK, Awasthy KS. Cytogenetic toxicity of Neem. Food chem. Toxicol. 2003; 41: 1325-1328.
18. Steinberger E. Hormonal control of mammalian Spermatogenesis. Physiology Review.1971; 5111: 1-22.
19. Kerr JB, Klester DM. Cyclinc variation in sertoli cell lipid content throughout the spermatogenic cycle in the rats. J. Reprod. Fert. 1975; 43: 1-8.
20. Steinberger E, Steinberger A, Perlof WH. Initiation of spermatogenesis in-vitro. Endocrinology 1964; 74: 788.
21. Macini RE, Castrol A, Serguer AC. Histological localization of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones in the rat testis. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1967; 15: 516-526.
22. Krueger PM, Hodgen CD, Sherins KI. New evidence for the role of the sertoli cells and spermatogonia in feed back control of FSH secretion in male rat. Endocrinology 1974; 95: 955-962.
23. Hulethel M, Lunenfeld E. Regulation of spermatogenesis by paracrin/autocrine testicular factors. Asian J Androl. 2004; 6: 259-268.
24. Bowman WCM, Rand MJ. The reproductive system and drugs affecting the reproductive systems. Textbook of Pharmacology 1985: 2.
25. William KN. Hormones and Hormone antagonists. In: Remington, the Science and Practices of Pharmacy. 2000; 77: 1390-1391.
26. Njar VC, Alao TO, Okogun JI, Raji Y, Bolarinua AF, Naduka EV. Antifertility activity of Quassiamara: quassininhibits the steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cell in vitro. Planta Med. 1995; 61: 180-182.
27. Raji J, Bolarinwa AF. Antifertility activity of Quassiaamara in male rats- in vitro study. Life Sci. 1997; 61: 1067-1074.
28. Parveen S, Das S, Kundra CP, Pereira BM. A comprehensive evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of Quassiaamara in male rats. Reprod, Toxicol. 2002; 17: 45-50.
29. Udoh P, Kehinde A. Studies on Antifertility effects of paw paw seeds (Carica papaya) on the gonads of male Albino rats. Phytother. Res. 1997; 13: 226-228.
30. Udobh P, Ekipeyong J. Effects of Mucunaurens (Horse eye bean) on the gonads of male Guinea pigs. Phytother, Res. 2001; 15: 99-102.
31. Udoh P, Essien I, Udoh F. Effect of Carica papaya (paw paw) seeds extract on the morphology of pituitary-gonadal axis of male abino rats. Phytotherapy, Res. 2005 a; 19: 1065-1068.
32. Udoh FV, Udoh PB. Hepatotoxicity of the methanol extract of Carica papaya seeds in Wistar Rats. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2005; 43: 349-352.
33. Udoh FV Udoh PB, Umon EE. Activity of alkaloid extract of Carica papaya seeds on reproductive functions in male Wistar rats. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2005; 43: 563-567.
34. Carr BR, Blackwell RE. Neuroendocrinology of reproduction In: Textbook Reproductive Medicine Carr and Blackwell RE (eds). Norwalk: Appleton and Lange. 1993, pp. 157.
35. Chinoy RJ, Padman P. Antifertility investigation and benzene extract of Carica papaya seeds in male albino rats. J. Med. Aromatic Plant Sci. 1996; 18: 489-494.
36. Watche P, Kamtechouing P, Sokeng S, Moundipa PF, Tantchu J, Essame JL, Kaveeta N. Reversible antispermatogenic and antifertility activity of Mondia whitei. L.in male albino rats. Phytother. Res. 2001; 15: 26-9.
37. Dwivedi AK, Chaudhary M, Sarine JPS. Standardisation of 9 new spermicidal agent sapindussaponin and its estimation in its formation. Indian. J. Pharm. Sci. 1990; 52: 165-167.
38. Patra A, Misra SK, Chaudhury SK. “Constituents of lomonia acidissima application of two dimensional NMR Spectroscopy in structure elucidation”. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1988; 65(3): 205-208.
39. Crabbe P. Some aspects of steroid research based on natural product from plant origin. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1979; 88: 5-7.
40. US National academy of Sciences, Publication. Neem- a tree for Sloving global problems. For thousands of years the beneficial properties of Neem office of International affairs, 1992.
41. Handelsman DJ. Hormonal male contraception. In: Puri CP. Van Look PFA. Editors. Current concepts in fertility regulation and reproduction. New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 1994; pp. 133.
42. Upadhyay SN, Dhawan S, Talwar GP. Antifertility effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil in male rats by single intra-vas administration. An alternate approach to vasectomy. J. Androl. 1993; 14: 275-281.
43. Shajeela PS, Mohan VR, Loius Jesudas L, TresinaSoris P. Antifertility activity of Discorea sculenta (L.) Schott on male albino rats. Int. J. of PharmTech Res. 2011; 3: 946-954.
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01-01-2013
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“ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF FERONIA ELEPHANTUM CORREA LEAF AND BARK ON MALE ALBINO RATS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 5, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 23-27, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2013.050104.
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How to Cite
“ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF FERONIA ELEPHANTUM CORREA LEAF AND BARK ON MALE ALBINO RATS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 5, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 23-27, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2013.050104.
