ACUTE TOXICITY AND EVALUATION OF THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF AMANOA ALMERINDAE LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity and toxicity of an aqueous extract obtained from leaves of Amanoa almerindae. Abdominal constriction, formalin and tail flick test were use to determine the antinociceptive properties of the extract. The extract was administered both orally and using intraperitoneal injections. The results indicate that this aqueous extract exhibit dose dependent antinociceptive activity when tested by the different methods. Moderate toxicity was more evident following intraperitoneal administration. This confirms that oral administration is safer and should be performed when evaluating natural products as proposed by OMS/TMR (2002). In spite of toxicity signs shown by intraperitoneal/oral administration, there was no evident direct tissue damage (toxicity). The analgesic activity of the drug seems to affect both the peripheral and central nervous system. Therefore, it is important to ascertain the metabolites responsible for these actions in the phytochemical screening.
Keywords:
Amanoa almerindae, acute toxicity, antinociceptive activityDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2013.050406References
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13. Derardt R, Jougney S, Delevalcee F, Falhourt M. Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol. 1980; 51: 17-24.
14. Collier, HDJ, Dinneen LC, Johnson CA, Schneider C. The abdominal response and its suppression by analgesic drugs in the mouse. British J Pharmacol. 1968; 32: 295-310.
15. Dickenson AH, Sullivan AF. Peripheral origins and central modulation of subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of rat dorsal horn neurons. Neurosci Lett. 1987; 83: 207-11.
16. Shibata M, Ohkubo T, Takahashi H, Inoki R. Modified formalin test: characteristic biphasic pain response. Pain. 1989; 38: 347-352.
17. Tripathi KD, editor. In: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 4 Edn, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2001, pp. 52-53.
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19. Krogh R, Kroth R, Berti C, Madeira AO, Souza MM, Cechinel-Filho V, Delle-Monache F, Yunes RA. Isolation and identification of compounds with antinociceptive action from Ipomoea pes-caprae R. Br. Pharmazie. 1999; 54: 464-6.
20. Kim HK, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS, Kim HP. Amentoflavone, a plant biflavone: A new potential anti-inflammatory agent. Arch Pharm Res. 1998; 21: 406-410.
21. Kim HP, Park H, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS. Biochemical pharmacology of biflavonoids: implications for anti-inflammatory action. Arch Pharm Res. 2008; 31: 265-73.
2. Leong KI, Alviarez PF, Compagnone RS, Suárez AI.Isolation and structural elucidation of chemical constituents of Amanoa almerindae. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2009; 47: 496-499.
3. Fang XD, Dhammika NP, Phoebe CH Jr, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD, Farnsworth NR. Plant anticancer agents XXXVII. Constituents of Amanoa oblongifolia. Planta Med. 1985; 4: 346-7.
4. Nanayakkara DNP, Kinghorn AD, Farnsworth NR. New hydroxylated Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids from Amanoa oblongifolia. J Chem Res. 1986; 12: 454-455.
5. MacRae WD, Hudson JD, Towers GH. Alpha-(-)-peltatin, an antiviral constituent of Amanoa aff. Oblongifolia. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988; 22: 223-236.
6. Jassim SAA, Naji MA. Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective. J Applied Microbiol. 2003; 95: 412-427.
7. Litchfield J T, Wilcoxon FA. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments.J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1949; 96: 99-113.
8. OMS. Pautas generales para las metodologías de investigación y evaluación de la medicina tradicional. WHO/EDM/TRM/2000.1. 2002. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud, pp.81
9. Lima JA, Oliveira AS, de Miranda AL, Rezende CM, Pinto AC. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of an acid fraction of the seeds of Carpotroche brasiliensis (Raddi) (Flacourtiaceae). Braz J Med Biol. 2005; 38: 1095-103.
10. Hunskaar S, Hole K. The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain.Pain. 1987; 301: 103-14.
11. Davies OL, Raventos J, Walpole AL. A method for evaluation of analgesic activity using rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1946; 1: 255-64
12. Bentley GA, Newton SH, Starr J. Evidence for an action of morphine and the enkephalins on sensory nerve endings in the mouse peritoneum. British J Pharmacol. 1981; 73: 325-32.
13. Derardt R, Jougney S, Delevalcee F, Falhourt M. Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol. 1980; 51: 17-24.
14. Collier, HDJ, Dinneen LC, Johnson CA, Schneider C. The abdominal response and its suppression by analgesic drugs in the mouse. British J Pharmacol. 1968; 32: 295-310.
15. Dickenson AH, Sullivan AF. Peripheral origins and central modulation of subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of rat dorsal horn neurons. Neurosci Lett. 1987; 83: 207-11.
16. Shibata M, Ohkubo T, Takahashi H, Inoki R. Modified formalin test: characteristic biphasic pain response. Pain. 1989; 38: 347-352.
17. Tripathi KD, editor. In: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 4 Edn, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2001, pp. 52-53.
18. Abbott FV, Melzack R. Brainstem lesions dissociate neural mechanism of morphine analgesia in different kinds of pain. Brain Res. 1982; 251: 149-155.
19. Krogh R, Kroth R, Berti C, Madeira AO, Souza MM, Cechinel-Filho V, Delle-Monache F, Yunes RA. Isolation and identification of compounds with antinociceptive action from Ipomoea pes-caprae R. Br. Pharmazie. 1999; 54: 464-6.
20. Kim HK, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS, Kim HP. Amentoflavone, a plant biflavone: A new potential anti-inflammatory agent. Arch Pharm Res. 1998; 21: 406-410.
21. Kim HP, Park H, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS. Biochemical pharmacology of biflavonoids: implications for anti-inflammatory action. Arch Pharm Res. 2008; 31: 265-73.
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01-10-2013
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“ACUTE TOXICITY AND EVALUATION OF THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF AMANOA ALMERINDAE LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 5, no. 4, Oct. 2013, pp. 165-9, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2013.050406.
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How to Cite
“ACUTE TOXICITY AND EVALUATION OF THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF AMANOA ALMERINDAE LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 5, no. 4, Oct. 2013, pp. 165-9, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2013.050406.
