OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L.: A MEDICINAL PLANT WITH PROMISING ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY
Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum L. has been used to treat various diseases including urinary stone diseases, since ancient time in India. The inhibition of in-vitro calcium-oxalate crystal formation by Ocimum gratissimum L. extract was investigated by different methods i.e nucleation assay and synthetic urine assay. In nucleation assay, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations of the extract (100-1000 mg/ml) on calcium oxalate crystallization in-vitro while in synthetic urine method the percentage inhibition and growth of the calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals from synthetic urine at different % concentrations of extract (25-100%) was investigated. In both the assay % inhibition for calcium oxalate crystal formation was found directly proportional to the increase in concentration of the plant extract with maximum inhibition of 66.08% at 1000 mg/ml, while in synthetic urine assay maximum inhibition was 62.07 % at 100% concentration of extract. Thus Ocimum gratissimum L. was found to be a potent and promising antiurolithiatic agent, which is in accordance with its use in traditional medicine.
Keywords:
Ocimum gratissimum L., urolithiasis, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), in-vitro, calcium oxalate (CaOx)DOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060114References
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2. Khan MA, Pradhan D. Antiurolithc Activity of Ceropegia bulbosa Extract in Rats. Der Pharmacia Sinica 2012; 3:148-152.
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4. Awari MD, Mute V, Babhale SP, Chaudhar PS. Antilithiatic Effect of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Leaves Extract on Ethylene Glycol Induced Nephrolithiasis. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009; 2: 994-997.
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7. Prasad KV, Sujatha D, Bharathi K. Herbal Drugs In Urolithiasis-A Review. Phcog Rev. 2007; 1: 175-179.
8. Ezeonwu VU, Dahiru D. Protective Effect of Bi-Herbal Formulation of Ocimum gratissimum and Gongronema latifolium Aqueous Leaf Extracts On Acetaminophen-Induced Hepato-Nephrotoxicity In Rats. American Journal of Biochemistry 2013; 3: 18-23.
9. Filip A., Clichici S., Daicoviciu D., Adriana M., Postescu ID., Perde-SM., Olteanu D. Photochemoprevention of Cutaneous Neoplasia Through Natural Products. Experimental Oncology 2009; 31: 9-15.
10. Tanko Y, Yaro AH, Mohammed KA, Mohammed A. Anti-neociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Leaves Extract of Ocimum gratissimum in Mice and Rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2012; 4: 2278-3008.
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12. Sastry KP, Kumar RR, Kumar AN, Gogte S, Elizabeth M. Morpho-Chemical Description and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Ocimum Species. Journal of Plant development. 2012; 19: 53-64.
13. Nguefack J, Lekagne JB, Dakole CD, Leth V, Vismer HF, Torp JB, Guemdjom FN, Mbeffo M, Tamgue O, Fotio D, Amvam PMZ, Nkengfack AE. Food Preservative Potential of Essential Oils and Fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris Against Mycotoxigenic Fungi. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009; 131:151-156
14. Orafidiya LO, Fakoya FA, Agbani EO, Iwalewa O. Vascular Permeability- Increasing Effect of The Leaf Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn as a Mechanism for its Wound Healing Property. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and alternative medicine 2005; 2: 253-258.
15. Okiemy NA, Miguel ML, Etou AW, Ouamba, Gbeassor M, Abena AA. Analgesic Effect of Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Three Congolese Medicinal Plants: Hyptis suaveolens, Nauclea latifolia and Ocimum gratissimum. Pakistan Journal of biological sciences 2004; 7:1613-1615.
16. Ijato JY. Inhibitory Effects of Two Indigenous Plant Extracts (Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum) on Post Harvest Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Rot, In Vitro. Journal of American Science 2011; 7:43-47.
17. Pande M, Pathak A. Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum gratissimum (ram tulsi) on Sexual Behaviour in Male Mice. International Journal of Pharmtech Research 2009;1: 468-473.
18. George S, Chaturvedi P, Kamau JM. Hepatoprotective Potential of Ocimum gratissimum on Ethanol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2012; 2: 27-32.
19. Oboh G. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2006; 1: 47-53.
20. NJOKU, Obioma U., JOSHUA, Parker E, Chidozie V, Nzubechukwu C. Antioxidant Properties of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf). New York Science Journal 2011; 4: 98-103.
21. Oguanobi NI, Chijioke CP, Ghasi S. Anti-Diabetic Effectof Crude Leaf Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum in Neonatal Streptozotocin-induced Type-2 Model Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012; 4:77-83.
22. Zaveri M, Desai N, Movaliya V. Effect of Ocimum basilicum on Cisplatin Models of Acute Renal Failure. Advanced research in pharmaceuticals and biological 2011; 1:91-100.
23. Kumar PK, Kumar MR, Kavitha K, Singh JR. Pharmacological Actions of Ocimum sanctum– Review Article. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry 2012; 1:406-414.
24. Patanjali Yogpeeth. Dhanvantari krit- Bharatiya jadi – butiyan. New Delhi D.P.B. Publication, 2010.
25. Brahmavarchas. Ayurveda ka praan,van aushadhi vigyan. Publisher-Yug nirman vistar trust; Gayatri Tapobhumi, 2010.
26. Dinesh Chandra. Van aushadhi jadibuti; Chitravali. Publisher – Hindi seva sadan, 2009.
27. Oommachan M. The Flora of Bhopal (Angiosperms); J.K Jain Bros. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; 1976.
28. Atmani F, Khan SR. Effects of an Extract from Herniaria hirsuta on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization In-Vitro. Brazilian Journal of Urology International. 2000; 85: 621-625.
29. Beghalia M, Ghalem S, Allali H, Belouatek A, Marouf A. Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Growth Using Algerian Medicinal Plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2008; 2: 66-70.
2. Khan MA, Pradhan D. Antiurolithc Activity of Ceropegia bulbosa Extract in Rats. Der Pharmacia Sinica 2012; 3:148-152.
3. Singh SK. Disease Monograph-5: Urolithiasis; Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy Publication, Deluex Printery, 2011.
4. Awari MD, Mute V, Babhale SP, Chaudhar PS. Antilithiatic Effect of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Leaves Extract on Ethylene Glycol Induced Nephrolithiasis. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009; 2: 994-997.
5. Shashi A, Jain SK, Verma A, Kumar M, Sabharwal M. Pathophysiology of Kidney, Gallbladder and Urinary Stones Treatment With Herbal And Allopathic Medicine: A Review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2013; 3: 496-504
6. Rao PN, Glenn MP, John PK. Urinary Tract Stone Disease; Publisher -Springer–Verlag London Ltd., 2011.
7. Prasad KV, Sujatha D, Bharathi K. Herbal Drugs In Urolithiasis-A Review. Phcog Rev. 2007; 1: 175-179.
8. Ezeonwu VU, Dahiru D. Protective Effect of Bi-Herbal Formulation of Ocimum gratissimum and Gongronema latifolium Aqueous Leaf Extracts On Acetaminophen-Induced Hepato-Nephrotoxicity In Rats. American Journal of Biochemistry 2013; 3: 18-23.
9. Filip A., Clichici S., Daicoviciu D., Adriana M., Postescu ID., Perde-SM., Olteanu D. Photochemoprevention of Cutaneous Neoplasia Through Natural Products. Experimental Oncology 2009; 31: 9-15.
10. Tanko Y, Yaro AH, Mohammed KA, Mohammed A. Anti-neociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Leaves Extract of Ocimum gratissimum in Mice and Rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2012; 4: 2278-3008.
11. Ezekwesili CN, Obiora KA, Ugwu OP. Evaluation of Anti-Diarrhoeal Property of Crude Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) in Rats. Biokemistri. 2004; 16:122-131.
12. Sastry KP, Kumar RR, Kumar AN, Gogte S, Elizabeth M. Morpho-Chemical Description and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Ocimum Species. Journal of Plant development. 2012; 19: 53-64.
13. Nguefack J, Lekagne JB, Dakole CD, Leth V, Vismer HF, Torp JB, Guemdjom FN, Mbeffo M, Tamgue O, Fotio D, Amvam PMZ, Nkengfack AE. Food Preservative Potential of Essential Oils and Fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris Against Mycotoxigenic Fungi. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009; 131:151-156
14. Orafidiya LO, Fakoya FA, Agbani EO, Iwalewa O. Vascular Permeability- Increasing Effect of The Leaf Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn as a Mechanism for its Wound Healing Property. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and alternative medicine 2005; 2: 253-258.
15. Okiemy NA, Miguel ML, Etou AW, Ouamba, Gbeassor M, Abena AA. Analgesic Effect of Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Three Congolese Medicinal Plants: Hyptis suaveolens, Nauclea latifolia and Ocimum gratissimum. Pakistan Journal of biological sciences 2004; 7:1613-1615.
16. Ijato JY. Inhibitory Effects of Two Indigenous Plant Extracts (Zingiber officinale and Ocimum gratissimum) on Post Harvest Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Rot, In Vitro. Journal of American Science 2011; 7:43-47.
17. Pande M, Pathak A. Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum gratissimum (ram tulsi) on Sexual Behaviour in Male Mice. International Journal of Pharmtech Research 2009;1: 468-473.
18. George S, Chaturvedi P, Kamau JM. Hepatoprotective Potential of Ocimum gratissimum on Ethanol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2012; 2: 27-32.
19. Oboh G. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2006; 1: 47-53.
20. NJOKU, Obioma U., JOSHUA, Parker E, Chidozie V, Nzubechukwu C. Antioxidant Properties of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf). New York Science Journal 2011; 4: 98-103.
21. Oguanobi NI, Chijioke CP, Ghasi S. Anti-Diabetic Effectof Crude Leaf Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum in Neonatal Streptozotocin-induced Type-2 Model Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012; 4:77-83.
22. Zaveri M, Desai N, Movaliya V. Effect of Ocimum basilicum on Cisplatin Models of Acute Renal Failure. Advanced research in pharmaceuticals and biological 2011; 1:91-100.
23. Kumar PK, Kumar MR, Kavitha K, Singh JR. Pharmacological Actions of Ocimum sanctum– Review Article. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry 2012; 1:406-414.
24. Patanjali Yogpeeth. Dhanvantari krit- Bharatiya jadi – butiyan. New Delhi D.P.B. Publication, 2010.
25. Brahmavarchas. Ayurveda ka praan,van aushadhi vigyan. Publisher-Yug nirman vistar trust; Gayatri Tapobhumi, 2010.
26. Dinesh Chandra. Van aushadhi jadibuti; Chitravali. Publisher – Hindi seva sadan, 2009.
27. Oommachan M. The Flora of Bhopal (Angiosperms); J.K Jain Bros. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; 1976.
28. Atmani F, Khan SR. Effects of an Extract from Herniaria hirsuta on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization In-Vitro. Brazilian Journal of Urology International. 2000; 85: 621-625.
29. Beghalia M, Ghalem S, Allali H, Belouatek A, Marouf A. Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Growth Using Algerian Medicinal Plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2008; 2: 66-70.
Published
01-01-2014
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“OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L.: A MEDICINAL PLANT WITH PROMISING ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 6, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 78-81, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060114.
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How to Cite
“OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L.: A MEDICINAL PLANT WITH PROMISING ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 6, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 78-81, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060114.
