STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY OF THEVETIA NERIIFOLIA, JUSS LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN SKIN PATHOGENS
Abstract
To evaluate the significance of Thevetia neriifolia in folk medicine for curing skin infections, an efficacy study was conducted using bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Nocardia asteroids, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal pathogens (Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum) that cause various dermatological disorders. For antimicrobial properties, different fractions of hot extracts of shade dried leaves were assessed by Agar well diffusion method using concentrations ranging from10 mg/50µl/well and compared with reference antibiotics Gentamicin and Fluconazole (25-50µg/well). Of these, petroleum ether fraction was almost ineffective; chloroform fraction showed better efficiency at very low dozes (0.05-0.0125 mg/well) against C. albicans (19.00±1.00) and N. asteroids (14.5±0.71), ethyl acetate fraction was sensitive at higher doses against both fungal cultures T. rubrum (17.67±0.58), C. albicans (15.33±0.58) followed by bacterial strain N. asteroids (15.67±1.52), where as methanol division inhibited colony growth moderately against all the tested organisms (10-13mm). Better DPPH free radical scavenging activity was shown by EA and MT fractions of hot extract with IC50 values 0.72 and 0.81mg/ml respectively. Similarly, cold methanol extract also acted as powerful free radical scavengers of DPPH, super oxide and nitric oxide with low IC50 Values (DPPH-0.46 mg/ml, SOD-0.91 mg/ml, NO-0.88 mg/ml). In conclusion, higher antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in the leaf add more value to the therapeutic field in drug development for curing many cutaneous bacterial and fungal infections.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Human skin pathogens, Thevetia neriifoliaDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060216References
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28. Kareru PG, Keriko JM, Kenji GM, Thiongo GT, Gachanja AN, Mukiira HN. Antimicrobial Activities of Skincare Preparations from Plant Extracts. Afr. J Trad. Complement Alt. Med. 2010; 7(3): 214-218.
29. Zavaleta AN, Zavaleta AN. Medicinal Plants of the Borderlands: A Bilingual Resource Guide, Author House Publications, USA. 2012.
30. Tewtrakul S, Nakamura N, Hattori M, Fugiwara T, Supavita T. Flavanone and Flavonol Glycosides from the Leaves of Thevetia peruviana and their HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitory Activities. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2002; 50(5):630-635.
31. Nesy EA, Jolly CI, Mathew L. Assessment of In-vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Thevetia neriifolia,Juss Flower Morphoforms. IOSR J Pharm. Biol. Scien. 2014; 9(2): 11-16.
32. Nesy EA, Mathew L. A comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Thevetia neriifolia, Juss Fruit Rind Extracts. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res. 2014; 6(2): 47-50.
33. Phar-Huy LA, Hua H, Pham-Huy C. Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health. Int. J Biomed. Sci. 2008; 4 (2): 89-96.
34. Jagetia GC, Rao SK, Baliga MS, Babu KS. The Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Certain Herbal Formulations in-vitro: A Preliminary Study. Phytother. Res. 2004; 18: 561-565.
2. Dabur R, Gupta A, Mandal TK, Singh DD, Bajpai V, Gurav AM, Lavekar GS. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Indian Medicinal Plants. Afr. J. Trad. CAM. 2007; 4 (3): 313-318.
3. Udayan PS, Balachandran I. Medicinal plants of Arya Vaidya Sala, Department of Publications, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Kerala, 2009.
4. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD, An CIC. Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol II, Bishen Singh Mahenrda Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 1980.
5. Hassan MM, Saha AK, Khan SA, Islam A, Zaman MMU, Ahmed SSU. Studies on the Antidiarrhoeal, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities of Ethanol Extracted Leaves of Yellow Oleander (Thevetia peruviana). Open Veterinary Journal. 2011; 1:28-31.
6. Hammuel C, Abdullahi MS, Mankilik M, Anyim BP, Adesina OB, Inekwe UV, Udiba UU, Batari ML. The phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of oil from the seed of Thevetia peruviana plant. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. 2011; 1(12): 597-601.
7. Mollah JU, Islam W. Toxicity of Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum Extract to Adults of Callosobruchus maculates F (Coleoptera: Bruchidea). J Agric. Rural Dev. 2007; 5(1&2): 105-109.
8. Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA. Common bacterial skin infections. Am. Fam. Physician 2002; 66 (1): 119-124.
9. Rhoads J. Advanced Health Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Chapter 5. Integumentary Disorders. 2006; pp 95.
10. Folgaresi M, Ferdani G, Coppini M, Pincelli C. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis. European journal of Dermatology. 1998; 8(6): 430-431.
11. Lyngdoh WV, Mawlong MG, Sailo SL, Khyreim AB. Sub-cutaneous abscess caused by Nocardia asteroids in renal transplant recipient. Indian J Med. Sci. 2011; 65 (4): 172-174.
12. Tsuboi R, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Mikami Y, Arai T. Lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia asteroids. Case report and literature review. Arch. Dermatol. 1986; 122 (10): 1183-1185.
13. Wu DC, Chan WW, Metelitsa AI, Fiorillo L, Lin AN. Pseudomonas skin infection Clinical features, Epidemiology and Management. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2011; 12(3):157-169.
14. Krajden S, Deitel M, Fuksa M. Blackened toes caused by Proteus mirabilis infection. CMA Journal 1982; 127: 869-870.
15. Mistry RD, Scott HF, Alpern ER, Zaoutis TE. Prevalence of Proteus mirabilis in skin abscesses of the axilla. J Pediatr. 2010; 156(5):850-851.
16. Ayoola GA, Folawewo AD, Adesegun SA, Abioro OO, Adepoju-Bello AA, Coker HAB. Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of some plants of Apocynaceae from South West Nigeria, African journal of Plant Science. 2008; 2 (9) 124-128.
17. Badami S, Prakash O, Dongre SH, Suresh B. In-vitro antioxidant properties of Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf extracts. Indian J Pharmacol. 2005; 37(4):251-252.
18. Dey TK, Emran TB, Saha D, Rahman MA, Zahid Hosen SM, Chowdhury N. Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia hirsuta (L.) Leaves. Bull. Pharm. Res. 2012; 2(2):78-82.
19. Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods, A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis, 3rd Edition, Springer (India) private Ltd, New Delhi, 1973.
20. Navarro V, Villarreal ML, Rogas G, Lozoya X. Antimicrobial evaluation of some plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 53: 143-147.
21. Aquino R, Morelli S, Lauro MR, Abdo S, Saija A, Tomaino A. Phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of an extract of Anthurium versicolor leaves. Journal of Natural Products 2001; 64 (8): 1019-1023.
22. Marcocci L, Maguire JJ, Droy-Lefaix MT, Packer L. The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994a; 15: 748-755.
23. McCord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: An Enzymic Function for Erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J. Biol. Chem. 1969; 244: 6049-6055.
24. Parkavi V, Vignesh M, Selvakumar K, Mohamed JM, Ruby JJ. Antibacterial Activity of Aerial Parts of Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Drug Res. 2012; 4(3): 209-212.
25. Chanda S, Baravalia Y. Novel leads from herbal drugs for infectious skin diseases. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Technology, a Mendez-Vilas Ed. 2010; 451-456.
26. Reddy U. Antimicrobial Activity of Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum, and Nerium indicum Linn. The internet journal of Pharmacology. 2010; 8(2): 2.
27. Kumar A, Singh S, Mahout K, Vihan VS, Gururaj K. Phytochemical Analysis of Some Indigenous Plants Potent Against Ectoparasite. Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci. 2011; 2(3): 506-509.
28. Kareru PG, Keriko JM, Kenji GM, Thiongo GT, Gachanja AN, Mukiira HN. Antimicrobial Activities of Skincare Preparations from Plant Extracts. Afr. J Trad. Complement Alt. Med. 2010; 7(3): 214-218.
29. Zavaleta AN, Zavaleta AN. Medicinal Plants of the Borderlands: A Bilingual Resource Guide, Author House Publications, USA. 2012.
30. Tewtrakul S, Nakamura N, Hattori M, Fugiwara T, Supavita T. Flavanone and Flavonol Glycosides from the Leaves of Thevetia peruviana and their HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitory Activities. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2002; 50(5):630-635.
31. Nesy EA, Jolly CI, Mathew L. Assessment of In-vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Thevetia neriifolia,Juss Flower Morphoforms. IOSR J Pharm. Biol. Scien. 2014; 9(2): 11-16.
32. Nesy EA, Mathew L. A comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Thevetia neriifolia, Juss Fruit Rind Extracts. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res. 2014; 6(2): 47-50.
33. Phar-Huy LA, Hua H, Pham-Huy C. Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health. Int. J Biomed. Sci. 2008; 4 (2): 89-96.
34. Jagetia GC, Rao SK, Baliga MS, Babu KS. The Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Certain Herbal Formulations in-vitro: A Preliminary Study. Phytother. Res. 2004; 18: 561-565.
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01-04-2014
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“STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY OF THEVETIA NERIIFOLIA, JUSS LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN SKIN PATHOGENS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 6, no. 2, Apr. 2014, pp. 164-8, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060216.
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How to Cite
“STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY OF THEVETIA NERIIFOLIA, JUSS LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN SKIN PATHOGENS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 6, no. 2, Apr. 2014, pp. 164-8, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060216.
