ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS ETHANOL EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA SCORDIFOLIA ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE TYPE 1-INDUCED DIARRHEA IN RATS
Abstract
Euphorbia scordifolia is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases, including diarrhea. We investigated the effect of the aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia scordifolia (EWES) on intestinal propulsion, bacterial in vitro growth and in vivo shigellosis. To value effects of EWES on intestinal propulsion, normal rats orally received 0, 50, or 75 mg/kg bw extract and the distance covered by the charcoal meal was measured. Shigellosis was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 Shigella dysenteriae type A1 (Sd1) to the rats. Diarrheic rats were treated for 6 days with 50, 75 mg/kg EWES or 20 mg/kg norfloxacin. Nitric oxide (NO) production in blood and in colonic homogenate; blood parameters, diarrheal stool weight and Sd1 density were assessed, and death rate recorded. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of EWES were 4000 and 12000µg/mL respectively. EWES significantly (P<0.01) reduced intestinal transit, bacterial growth, diarrheal stool weight and decreased NO production in large intestine (P<0.01). The results suggest that Euphorbia scordifolia possesses bactericidic and antidiarrheic properties, and could be a therapeutic alternative for diarrhea of bacterial etiology.
Keywords:
Antidiarrheic activity, Euphorbia scordifolia, intestinal propulsion, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, ratDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070107References
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18. Iwalokun BA, Gbenle GO, Adewole TA, Akinsinde KA. Shigellocidal properties of three Nigerian medical plants: Ocimum gratissimum, Terminalia avicennoides and Mormodica balsomina. J Health Popul Nutr. 2001; 19:331-5.
19. Belaiche J. Physiopathologie des diarrhées aiguës infectieuses. Acta Endoscopica. 2000; 30(3):177-181.
20. Korhonen R, Lahti A, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Nitric oxide production and signaling in inflammation. Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy. 2005; 4(4):471–479.
21. Förstermann U, Sessa, WC. Nitric oxide synthases : regulation and function. European Heart Journal. 2012; 33(7):829–837.
22. Sugi K, Musch MW, Di A, Nelson DJ, Chang EB. Oxidants potentiate Ca2+ and cAMP-stimulated Cl- secretion in intestinal epithelial T84 cells. Gastroenterology. 2001; 120:89-98.
23. Lan R, Alles MC, Donohoe K, Martinez MB, Reeves PR. "Molecular evolutionary relationships of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp". Infect Immun. 2004; 72(9):5080–5088.
24. Tarr PI, Bass DM, Hecht GA. Bacterial, viral, and toxic causes of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and anorectal infections. In T. Yamada. Textbook of Gastroenterology. Fifth Ed. Blackwell publishing, 2009, Chap 48, pp 1157–1224.
25. Teixeira-Neto FJ, McDonell WN, Black WD, Harris W, Grovum L. Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on acetylcholine-induced contractions of jejunal smooth muscle in horses. J Vet Phamacol Ther. 2012; 35(4):313-318.
2. Sur D, Ramamurthy T, Deen J, Bhattacharya SK. Shigellosis: Challenges and management issues. Indian J Med Res. 2004; 120:454-462.
3. Kamgang R, Gonsu H, Wafo P, Mbungni NJA, Pouokam EV, Fokam TMA, Fonkoua MC. Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrate ait on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2007; 39(5):240-244.
4. Tarnagda Z, Diagbouga S, Sankara P, Kienou K, Yaro S, Van de pierre P. Sensitivity to antibiotics strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 implicated in an outbreak in Burkina Faso. Medecine d’Afrique Noire. 2001; 48:141-144.
5. Anup M, Saikat D, Subhash CM. In Vivo Evaluation of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of the Seed of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae). Trop J Pharm Res. 2007; 6(2):711-716.
6. Mshana NR, Abbiw DK, Addae-Mensah I, Adjanohoun JE, Ahyimira, Ekpere JA, Enow-Orock EG, Gbile ZO, Noamesi GK, Odeima, Odunlami H, Oteng-Yeboah AA, Sarpong K, Safowora A and Taekie AN. Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia contribution to the revision of ethnobotanical and floristic studies in Ghana Organisation of Africa. Unity/Scientific, Technical and Research Commission, 2000, pp. 243.
7. Collins CM, Lyne PM. Microbiological methods. Butterworths and Co. Ltd., London, 1987, pp. 316.
8. Wilkinson ID, Gentry LO. In vitro comparison of ceftazidime and nine other antimicrobial agents against hospital strains of. Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1981; 8:53–56.
9. Riffel A, Medina LF, Stefani V, Santos RC, Bizani D,Brandelli A. In vitro antimicrobial activity of a new series of 1,4-naphthoquinones. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002; 35(7):811-818
10. Smith JA, van den Broek FAR., Martorel JCl, Hackbarth H, Ruksenas O, Zeller W. FELASA Working Grp, and "Principles and Practice in Ethical Review of Animal Experiments across Europe: Summary of the Report of a Felasa Working Group on Ethical Evaluation of Animal Experiments." Laboratory Animals. 2007; 41(2):143-160.
11. Kamgang R, Pouokam KE, Fonkoua MC, Penlap NB, Biwole SM. Activities of aqueous extracts of Mallotus oppositifolium on Shigella dysenteriae A1-induced diarrhoea in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006; 33(1-2):89-94.
12. Kamgang R, Pouokam KE, Fonkoua MC, Penlap NB, Biwole SM. Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005; 58:335-337.
13. Islam MS, Hossain MZ, Khan SI, Felsenstein A, Sack RB, Albert MJ. Detection of non-culturable Shigella dysenteriae 1 from artificially contaminated volunteers fingers using fluorescent antibiotic and PCR techniques. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1997; 15:65-70.
14. Archer RK. Technical methods. In: ARCHER RK, JEFFCOTT LB. Comparative Clinical Hematology. Blacwell Scientific, 1977; Chap 14, pp. 537-609.
15. Guenane H, Hartani D, Chachoua L, Lahlou-Boukoffa OS, Mazari F, Touil-Boukoffa C. Production des cytokines Th1/Th2 et du monoxyde d'azote au cours de l'uvéite Behçet et de l'uvéite idiopathique. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2006; 29(2):146-152.
16. Ezeja IM, Ezeigbo II, Madubuike KG, Udeh NE, Ukweni IA, Akomas SC, Ifenkwe DC. Antidiarrheal activity of Pterocarpus erinaceus methanol leaf extract in experimentally-induced diarrhea. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5(2):147-150.
17. Meite S, N’guessan JD, Bahi C, Yapi HF, Djaman AJ, Guede GF. Antidiarrhoealactivity of the Ethyl Acetate extract of Morinda morindoides in rats. Trop J Pharm Res. 2009; 8(3):201-207.
18. Iwalokun BA, Gbenle GO, Adewole TA, Akinsinde KA. Shigellocidal properties of three Nigerian medical plants: Ocimum gratissimum, Terminalia avicennoides and Mormodica balsomina. J Health Popul Nutr. 2001; 19:331-5.
19. Belaiche J. Physiopathologie des diarrhées aiguës infectieuses. Acta Endoscopica. 2000; 30(3):177-181.
20. Korhonen R, Lahti A, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Nitric oxide production and signaling in inflammation. Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy. 2005; 4(4):471–479.
21. Förstermann U, Sessa, WC. Nitric oxide synthases : regulation and function. European Heart Journal. 2012; 33(7):829–837.
22. Sugi K, Musch MW, Di A, Nelson DJ, Chang EB. Oxidants potentiate Ca2+ and cAMP-stimulated Cl- secretion in intestinal epithelial T84 cells. Gastroenterology. 2001; 120:89-98.
23. Lan R, Alles MC, Donohoe K, Martinez MB, Reeves PR. "Molecular evolutionary relationships of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp". Infect Immun. 2004; 72(9):5080–5088.
24. Tarr PI, Bass DM, Hecht GA. Bacterial, viral, and toxic causes of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and anorectal infections. In T. Yamada. Textbook of Gastroenterology. Fifth Ed. Blackwell publishing, 2009, Chap 48, pp 1157–1224.
25. Teixeira-Neto FJ, McDonell WN, Black WD, Harris W, Grovum L. Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on acetylcholine-induced contractions of jejunal smooth muscle in horses. J Vet Phamacol Ther. 2012; 35(4):313-318.
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01-09-2018
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“ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS ETHANOL EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA SCORDIFOLIA ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE TYPE 1-INDUCED DIARRHEA IN RATS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 7, no. 1, Sept. 2018, pp. 40-45, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070107.
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How to Cite
“ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS ETHANOL EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA SCORDIFOLIA ON SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE TYPE 1-INDUCED DIARRHEA IN RATS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 7, no. 1, Sept. 2018, pp. 40-45, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070107.
