EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT MOMORDICA CHARANTIA UNRIPEN FRUIT
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidepressant activity of Momordica charantia in swiss albino mice. In this study ethanolic extract of unripen fruit along with seeds of this plant was investigated by using animal models like Despair Swim Test (DST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST) along with 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg (p.o.) doses and distilled water as a vehicle for 14 days of treatment and imipramine as a standard drug was administered orally on the test days. During dosing period test was carried out on 1st, 7th and 14th day of treatment. The results showed a significant decrease in immobility time of treated mice as compared to control group.
Keywords:
Swiss albino mice, Ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia unripe fruit, antidepressant activityDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070112References
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17. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhlale SB. Pharmacognosy. Edn 34, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2006, pp. 218-219.
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27. Plotsky PM, Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Psychoneuroendocrinology of Depression. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1998; 21:293-307.
28. Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines Sing The Blues: Inflammation And The Pathogenesis of Depression. Trends Immunol. 2006; 27:24-31.
29. Sarris J, Panossian A, Schweitzer I, Con Stough, Scholey A. Herbal Medicine For Depression, Anxiety AnD Insomnia: A Review of Psychopharmacology And Clinical Evidence. European Neuropharmacology 2011; 21:841-860.
30. Zielger DR, Herman JP. Neurocircuitry Of Stress Integration: Anatomical Pathways Regulating The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis of Rat. Integrative and Comparative Biology 2002; 42:541-551.
31. Ray WA, Griffin MR, Schaffner W, Baugh DK, Melton LJ. Psychotropic Drug Use and the Risk of Hip Fracture. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316:363-9.
32. Roose SP, Glassman AH, Attia E, Woodring S. Comparative Efficacy of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Tricyclics In The Treatment Of Melancholia. Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151:1735-1739.
33. Hamilton MS, Opler LA. Akathisia, Suicidality, and Fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53:401-406.
34. Wilner P. Validity, Reliability and Utility of the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression: A 10-Year Review And Evaluation. Psychopharmacology. 1997; 134:319-329.
35. Borsini F, Meli A. Is The Forced Swimming Test A Suitable Model For Revealing Antidepressant Activity. Psychopharmacology 1998; 94:147-160.
36. Palucha A, Pilc A. On The Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Mechanisms of Action Antidepressants. Pol J Pharmacology 2002; 54:581-586.
2. WHO. The World Health Report-Mental health: new understanding new hope. WHO, Geneva, 2001.
3. Reynolds EH. Brain and Mind: A Challenge for WHO. Lancet 2003; 361:1924-1925.
4. Gold PW, Goodwin FK, Chrousus GP. Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression In Relation To the Neurobiology of Stress, Part1. N Engl J Med. 1988; 319:348-353.
5. Thase ME, Howland RH. Biological Processes in Depression: An Update and Integression. In:Bekham EE, Leber WR, editors. Handbook of Depression, Edn 2, New York, Guilford, 1995, pp. 213-279.
6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: APA Press, 2000.
7. Tondo L, Isacsson L, Baldessarini RJ. Suicidal Behavior in Bipolar Disorder: Risk and Prevention. CNS Drugs. 2003; 17:491-511.
8. Altshuler LL, Hendrich V, Cohen LS. Course of Mood and Anxiety Disorders during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998; 59:29-34.
9. Rohan KJ, Lindsey KT, Roecklein KA, Lacy TJ. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Ligh Therapy and Their Combination in Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder. J Affect Disord. 2004; 80:273-283.
10. Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. The Genetics of Mood Disorders. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.
11. Ishaq H. Anxiolytic Effect of Herbal Medicine, Khamira Gaozaban Ambri Jadwar Ood Salib Wala (KGJ) In Experimental Rat Models. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014; 27:289-294.
12. Rajput MS, Sinha S, Mathur V, Agrawal P. Herbal Antidepressants. Int J Pharma Frontier Res. 2011; 1:159-169.
13. Thorne Res. Momordica charantia (Bitter melon). Alt Med Rev. 2007; 12:360-363.
14. Taylor L. Technical data report for bitter melon (Momordica charantia), 1-101. Austin, Herbal Secrets of the Rainforest, Edn 2, Sage Press, 2002.
15. Arunachalam G, Subramanian N, Pazhani GP, Ravichandiran V, Karunanithi M, Nepolean R. Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract of Momordica Charantia Linn Leaves (Cucurbitaceae). Iranian J Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 7:43-47.
16. Patil SA, Patil SB. Toxicological Studies of Momordica charantia Linn Seed Extracts in Male Mice. Int J Morphol. 2011; 29:1212-1218.
17. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhlale SB. Pharmacognosy. Edn 34, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2006, pp. 218-219.
18. Porsolt RD, Bertin A, Jalfre M. Behavioral Despair in Mice: A Primary Screening Test for Antidepressants. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1977; 229:327-336.
19. Vogel HG. Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays. Edn 2, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, Germany, 2002, pp. 559-561.
20. Sanmukhani J, Anovadiya A, Chandrabhanu BT. Evaluation of Antidepressant like Activity of Curcumin and Its Combination with Fluoxetine and Imipramine: An Acute and Chronic Study. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica ñ Drug Research 2011; 68:769-775.
21. Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon P. The tail suspension test: A new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology, 1985; 85:367-370.
22. WHO. Mental and Neurological Disorders ‘Depression’. 2006.
23. Belmaker RH, Agam G. Major depressive disorder. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358:55-68.
24. Hindmarch I. Expanding The Horizons Of Depression: Beyond The Monoamine Hypothesis. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2001; 16:203-218.
25. Ressler KJ, Nemeroff CB. Role of Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Systems in the Pathophysiology of Depression and Anxiety Disorders. Depress. Anxiety 2000; 12:2-19.
26. Antonijevic IA. Depressive Disorders-Is It Time To Endorse Different Pathophysiologies? Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006; 31:1-15.
27. Plotsky PM, Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Psychoneuroendocrinology of Depression. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1998; 21:293-307.
28. Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines Sing The Blues: Inflammation And The Pathogenesis of Depression. Trends Immunol. 2006; 27:24-31.
29. Sarris J, Panossian A, Schweitzer I, Con Stough, Scholey A. Herbal Medicine For Depression, Anxiety AnD Insomnia: A Review of Psychopharmacology And Clinical Evidence. European Neuropharmacology 2011; 21:841-860.
30. Zielger DR, Herman JP. Neurocircuitry Of Stress Integration: Anatomical Pathways Regulating The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis of Rat. Integrative and Comparative Biology 2002; 42:541-551.
31. Ray WA, Griffin MR, Schaffner W, Baugh DK, Melton LJ. Psychotropic Drug Use and the Risk of Hip Fracture. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316:363-9.
32. Roose SP, Glassman AH, Attia E, Woodring S. Comparative Efficacy of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Tricyclics In The Treatment Of Melancholia. Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151:1735-1739.
33. Hamilton MS, Opler LA. Akathisia, Suicidality, and Fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53:401-406.
34. Wilner P. Validity, Reliability and Utility of the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression: A 10-Year Review And Evaluation. Psychopharmacology. 1997; 134:319-329.
35. Borsini F, Meli A. Is The Forced Swimming Test A Suitable Model For Revealing Antidepressant Activity. Psychopharmacology 1998; 94:147-160.
36. Palucha A, Pilc A. On The Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Mechanisms of Action Antidepressants. Pol J Pharmacology 2002; 54:581-586.
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01-01-2015
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“EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT MOMORDICA CHARANTIA UNRIPEN FRUIT”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 7, no. 1, Jan. 2015, pp. 68-72, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070112.
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How to Cite
“EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT MOMORDICA CHARANTIA UNRIPEN FRUIT”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 7, no. 1, Jan. 2015, pp. 68-72, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070112.
