A REVIEW ON “KAPA SURA KUDINEER”-A SIDDHA FORMULARY PREDICTION FOR SWINE FLU
Abstract
Siddha medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world. This system is most commonly practicing in India especially in southern regions. Siddha medicines become popular nowadays because of various outbreaks of communicable and very infectious diseases like chikungunya, dengue, swine flu etc. These diseases of viral origin are very challenge to the modern world because of lack of ideal anti-viral therapy. Pandemic flu is different from ordinary flu because it’s a new flu virus that appears in humans and spreads very quickly from person to person worldwide. Because it’s a new virus, no one will have immunity to it and everyone could be at risk of catching it. This includes healthy adults as well as older people, young children and those with existing medical conditions. The polyherbal decoction Kapa Sura Kudineer (KSK) is a well-known one in this series next to Nilavembu kudineer (NVK). This KSK is introduced for the prevention and the management of Swine flu. And the people of Tamil Nadu are very attentive about this Siddha drug KSK because to prevent and protect from the deadly life threatening disease, Swine flu. Here, an attempt has been made to review the explored ethno pharmacological activities of the ingredients of KSK to strengthen the scientific facts favoring this formulation.
Keywords:
Herbal Medicine, Nilavembu, Indian system of Medicine, Kapa suramDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070501References
2. Kiruba S, Mahesh M, Nisha SR, Miller Paul Z, Jeeva S. Phytochemical analysis of the flower extracts of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011; 1: 278-280.
3. Sanap Mahesh D, Salunke Shantavan S, Borse LB, Pawar SP, Borse SL, Ahirrao RA. A Review on Swine Flu. Pharma Science Monitor 2015; 6(1):308-324.
4. Lokwani P, Kumar P, Upadhyay Y, Gupta S, Solanki R, Singh N. Swine Flu: An Overview. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 2011; 1 (4): 29-34.
5. Kothalawala H, Toussaint MJ, Gruys E. An overview of swine influenza. Vet Q. 2006; 28(2):46-53.
6. Parmar S, Shah N, Kasarwala M, Virpura M, Prajapati DD. A Review on Swine Flu. JPSBR. 2011; 1(1): 11-17.
7. Lade KS, Sawant SD, Singh MC. Review on Influenza with Special Emphasis on Swine Flu. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2012; 3(1): 97¬-107.
8. Sharma PP, Roy RK, Anurag. Neuraminidase inhibitors: Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Synthesis and Profile. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010; 3(7): 1602-1606.
9. Ali F, Mukit A, Sharma S, Bhaumik A. Herbal Prospects for Treatment of Swine Flu: A Review. Sch J App Med Sci. 2013; 1(1):16-19.
10. Shanmugavelu M. Siddha Maruthuva Noi Nadal Noi Mudhal Nadal Part-I. Directorate of Indian Medicine & Homeopathy; Chennai. 2006:359-363.
11. Murugesa mudaliyar KS. Siddha Materia Media (Medicinal Plants Division).8th edition, Chennai: Directorate of Indian Medicine & Homeopathy. 2006; 7-713.
12. Bao L, Deng A, Li Z, Du G, Qin H. Chemical constituents from Zingiber officinalis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2010; 35(5):598-601.
13. Liu W, Jiang Z, Chen J, Zhang X, Ma Y. Chemical constituents from Piper longum. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009; 34(22):2891-4.
14. Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother Res. 2007; 21(6):501-6.
15. Kumar VK, Lalitha KG. Pharmacognostical studies on the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources 2012; 3(4):518-526.
16. Venkat Rao N, Benoy K, Hemamalini K, Shanta Kumar SM, Satyanarayana S. Pharmacological Evaluation of Root Extracts of Tragia Involucrata. Pharmacologyonline.2007; 2: 236-244.
17. Kshirsagar AD, Ingale KG, Vyawahare NS, Thorve VS. Hygrophila spinosa: A comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010; 4(8): 167–171.
18. Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR. The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; 3(3): 244–252.
19. Correa GM, Alcantara A. Chemical constituents and biological activities of species of Justicia - a review. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2012; 22(1):220-238.
20. Senatore F, Lentini F, Venza F, Bruno M, Napolitano F. Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Anisochilus carnosus (Linn. fil.) Benth, a Tamil plant acclimatized in Sicily. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 2003; 18 (3):202-204.
21. Qiao CF, Li QW, Dong H, Xu LS, Wang ZT. Studies on chemical constituents of two plants from Costus. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2002; 27(2):123-5.
22. Upadhyay AK, Kumar K, Kumar A, Mishra HS. Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Hook. F. and Thoms. (Guduchi) – Validation of the Ayurvedic pharmacology through experimental and clinical studies. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010; 1(2): 112–121.
23. Ravikumar R, Lakshmanan AJ, Ravi S. Chemical constituents from Clerodendron serratum. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2008; 10(7-8):659-62.
24. Wen-Wan Chao, Bi-Fong Lin. Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds in Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian). Chin Med. 2010; 5: 17.
25. Imam H, Zarnigar, Sofi G, Seikh A, Lone A. The incredible benefits of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus). Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis. 2014; 4: 23-7.
26. Prakash A, Varma RK, Ghosal S. Alkaloid constituents of Sida acuta, S. humilis, S. rhombifolia and S. spinosa. Planta Med. 1981; 43(4):384-8.
27. Miyoshi N, Nakamura Y, Ueda Y, Abe M, Ozawa Y, Uchida K, Osawa T. Dietary ginger constituents, galangals A and B are potent apoptosis inducers in Human T lymphoma Jurkat cells. Cancer Lett. 2003; 199(2):113-119.
28. Grzanna R, Lindmark L, Frondoza CG. Ginger - an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. J Med Food. 2005; 8(2):125-132.
29. Surh Y, Park K, Chun K. Antitumor- promoting activities of selected pungent phenolic substances present in ginger. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology 1999; 18(2):131-139.
30. Lumb AB. Mechanism of antiemetic effect of ginger. Anaesthesia 1993; 48(12):1118.
31. Chopra RN, Nayer SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. New Delhi, India, 1956.
32. Miri P, Bae J, Lee DS. Antibacterial activity of [10]-gingerol and [12]-gingerol isolated from ginger rhizome against periodontal bacteria. Phytothery Res. 2008; 22: 1446-1449.
33. Kalaiselvi A, Aadhinath Reddy G, Ramalingam V. Ameliorating Effect of Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on Liver Marker Enzymes, Lipid Profile in Aluminium chloride Induced Male Rats. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2015; 7(1): 52-58.
34. Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, Timmermann BN. Comparative Effects of Two Gingerol-Containing Zingiber officinale Extracts on Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Nat Prod. 2009; 72:403-407.
35. Suekawa M, Ishige A, Yuasa K, Sudo K, Aburada M, Hosoya E. Pharmacological studies on ginger & Pharmacological actions of pungent constitutents, (6)-gingerol and (6) - shogaol. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1984; 7(11):836-848.
36. Dhanukar SA, Karandikar SM, Desai SM. Efficacy of Piper longum in childhood asthma. Indian Drugs 1984; 21; 384-386.
37. Sharma AK, Singh RH. Screening of anti-inflammatory of certain indigenous drugs on carrageen induced hind paw edema in rats. Bull Med Ethanobot Res. 1980; 2: 262-264.
38. Manoharan S, Silvan S, Vasudevan K, Balakrishnan S. Antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of Piper longum Dried Fruits in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. J Biol Sci. 2007; 7(1): 161-168.
39. Wu E, Bao Z. Effects of unsaponificable matter of Piper longum oil on cholesterol biosynthesis in experimental hypocholestrolaemic mice. Honggacayano. 1992; 23(4): 197-200.
40. Vedhanayaki G, Shastri GV, Kuruvilla A. Analgesic activity of Piper longum Linn Root. Indian J Exp Biol. 2003; 41(6): 649- 651.
41. Natarajan KS, Narasimhan M, Shanmugasundaram KR, Shanmugasundaram ER. Antioxidant activity of a salt-spice-herbal mixture against free radical induction, J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 105(1-2):76-83.
42. Sawangjaroen N, Sawangjaroen K and Poonpanang P. Antiamoebic effects of Piper longum fruit, Piper sarmentosum root and Quercus infectoria nut gall on caecal amoebiasis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 91(2-3): 357-360.
43. Devan P, Bani S, Suri KA, Satti NK, Qazi GN. Immunomodulation exhibited by piperinic acid of Piper longum L., through suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007; 7(7): 889-899.
44. Pradee CR, Kuttan G. Effect of piperine on the inhibition of lung metastasis induced B16F-10 melanoma cells in mice. J Clin Exp Meta. 2002; 19(8): 703-708.
45. Rage N, Dhanukar S, Karandukar SM. Hepatoprotective effects of P. longum against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage. Indian Drugs 1984; 21: 569-570.
46. Arambewela L, Perera A, Wijesundera RLC. The volatile constituents and microbiological studies on kaempheria galanga, hibiscus abelmoschus, and piper longum, Acta Horticulturae 501: II WOCMAP Congress Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Part-2: Pharmacognosy. 1999.
47. Feng J, Lipton JM. Eugenol: Antipyretic activity in rabbits. Neuropharmacology 1987; 26: 1775–1778.
48. Dorman HJD, Surai D, Deans SG. In vitro antioxidant activity of a number of plant essential oils and Phytoconstituents. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2000; 12: 241–248.
49. Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T Kahla-Nakbi, AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil, Eugenia Caryophyllata (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytotherapy Research. 2007; 21(6): 501-506.
50. Briozzo J, Nunez L, Chirife J, Herszage L, D’Aquino M. Antimicrobial activity of clove oil dispersed in a concentrated sugar solution. J Appl Bacteriol. 1989; 66(1):69-75.
51. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). Indian J Pharmacol. 2009; 41:28-31.
52. Prasad RC, Herzog B, Boone B, Sims L, Waltner-Law L. An extract of Syzygium aromaticum represses genes encoding hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 96(1- 2):295-301.
53. Gautam OP, Jain SK, Savita Verma. Anticonvulsant and Myrorelaxation activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum DC root extract. Pharmacology online 2011: 121-125.
54. Rechelson E. Pharmacology of antidepressants. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990; 65: 1227-1236.
55. Bendjeddou D, Lalaoui K, Satta D. Immunostimulating activity of the hot-water soluble polysaccharide extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum, Alpinia galangal & Citrullus colocynthus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 88(2): 155-160.
56. Annalakshmi R, Uma R, Subash chandran G, Muneeswaran A. A treasure of medicinal herb Anacyclus pyrethrum - A review. Indian J Drugs Dis. 1(3); 2012: 59-67.
57. Casida JE. Pyrethrum flowers and Pyrethroid insecticides. Enviromental Health Perspectives. 1980; 34: 189-202.
58. Devasankariah G, Gopala Krishna GVK, Patel, RV, Patel H, Bhatt VK A. clinical appraisal of Anacyclus pyrethrum root extract in dental patients. Phytotherapy Res. 1992; 6 (3), 158-159.
59. Athanassiou CG, Karallieratus NG. Insectidal effect and adherence of pyrisec in different grain commodities. Crop protection. 2005; 24:703-710.
60. Bauer R, Greger H, Muller JB, Breu W, Probstle A, Redi K. In Vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase by alkamides from Eclinacea and Achillea species. Planta Medica. 1994; 60: 37-40.
61. Joshi C, Gopal M, Byregowda SM. Cytotoxic activity of Tragi involucrate Lin. extract. American- Eurasin J Toxicl S. 2010; 3(2):679.
62. Alimuzzaman M, Muniruddin A. Analgesic Activity of Tragia involucrate. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2005; 4(1).
63. Sarath Kumar Y, Sirisha K, Sathish Kumar M. Preclinical Evaluation of Anti Inflammatory Effect of Tragia Plukenetii R. Smith Leaf Extracts against Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema In Wistar Albino Rats. Asian Journal of Research in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014; 2(1): 34 - 37.
64. Mohamed Farook S, Clement Atlee W. Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Potential of Tragia Involucrata Linn in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Type II Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011; 3(4):103-109.
65. Joshi CG, Gopal M, Kumari NS. Antitumor activity of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Tragia involucrata. International Journal of Cancer Research. 2011; 7: 267-277.
66. Kumar D, Bhat ZA, Chashoo IA, Deoda RS, Mudgade SC, Kumar V. Bronchodilator Activity in Traditional Medicines: Gift of God Kingdom, Bronchitis, Dr. Ignacio MartÃn-Loeches (Ed.). 2011.
67. ISBN: 978-953-307-889-2, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/bronchitis/bronchodilator-activity-in-traditionalmedicines-gift-of-godkingdom .
68. Patra A, Murthy PN, Jha S, Aher VD, Chattopadhyay P, Panigrahi G. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Hygrophila spinosa T.Anders leaves (Acanthaceae). Trop J Pharm Res. 2009; 8:133–7.
69. Patra A, Murthy PN, Jha S, Aher VD. Anthelmintic and antibacterial activities of Hygrophila spinosa T Ander. Res J Pharm Tech. 2008; 1: 531–2.
70. Mazumdar UK, Gupta M, Maiti S, Mukherjee D. Antitumor activity of Hygrophila spinosa on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and sarcoma- 180 induced mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 1997; 35:4737.
71. Patra A, Murthy PN, Jha S, Sahu AN, Roy D. Analgesic and antimotility activities of leaves of Hygrophilia spinosa T Anders. Pharmacologyonline 2008; 2:821–8.
72. Usha K, Kasturi GM, Hemalatha P. Hepatoprotective effect of Hygrophila spinosa and Cassia occidentalis on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in experimental rats. Indian J Cli Biochem. 2007; 22: 132–5.
73. Vijayakumar M, Govindarajan R, Rao GM, Rao CV, Shirwaikar A, Mehrotra S. Action of Hygrophila auriculata against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 104: 356–61.
74. Shanmugasundaram P, Venkataraman S. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine Acanthaceae root extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 104:124–8.
75. Pawar RS, Jain AP, Kashaw SK, Singhai AK. Haematopoetic activity of Asteracantha longifolia on cyclophosphamide induced bone marrow depression. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006; 3:337–40.
76. Murali YK, Chandra R, Murthy PS. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Water Extract of Dry Fruits of Terminalia Chebula In Experimental Diabetes Mellitus. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2004; 19 (2): 202-204.
77. Ramadevi SR, Hopper W. Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula fruit extract. African J Microbiol Res. 2009; 3(4): 180-84.
78. Tayal S, Duggal S, Bandyopadhyay P, Aggarwal A, Tandon S, Tandon C. Cytoprotective role of the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula on renal epithelial cells. IBJU. 2012; 38 (2): 204-214.
79. Rahman M, Mostafa GM, Karim MM. The bactericidal activity of a medicinal plant, Terminalia chebula is enhanced upon addition of manganese salts. Int J Med Arom Plants. 2012; 2(2): 214-218.
80. Ahn MJ, Kim CY, Lee JS, Kim TG, Kim SH, Lee CK, Lee BB, Shin CG, Huh H, Kim J. Inhibition of HIV- 1 integrase by galloyl glucoses from Terminalia chebula and flavonol glycoside gallates from Euphorbia pekinensis. Planta Med. 2002; 68(5): 457-59.
81. Vidya S, Verma E, Sanjay kumar J, Anilkumar VT, Ramesh A. Hepato-Protective Activity of Terminalia Chebula Leaves in Paracetamol Induced Hepato-Toxicity in Rats. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Research 2011; 2(4): 127-132.
82. Badmaev V, Nowakowski M. Protection of epithelial cells against influenza-A virus by a plant derived biological response modifier Ledretan-96. Phytotherapy Res. 2000; 14(4): 245–49.
83. Senthilkumar GP, Subramanian SP. Biochemical studies on the effect of Terminalia chebula on the levels of glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. J Appl Biomed. 2008; 6: 105–115.
84. Maruthappan V, Sakthi Shree K. Hypolipidemic Activity of Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula) in Atherogenic Diet Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats. J Adv Pharm Tech Res. 2010: 1 (2):229-235.
85. Kaur S, Jaggi RK. Antinociceptive activity of chronic administration of different extracts of Terminalia bellerica Roxb and Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruits. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 2010; 48: 925-930.
86. Sharma P, Prakash T, Kotresha D, Ansari MA, Sahrm UR, Kumar B, Debnath J, Goli D. Antiulcerogenic activity of Terminalia chebula fruit in experimentally induced ulcer in rats. Pharm Biol. 2011; 49(3): 262- 68.
87. Chakrabarty A, Brantner AH. Study of alkaloids from Adhatoda vasica Nees on their anti-inflammatory activity. Phytother Res. 2001; 15: 532-534.
88. Amin AH, Metha DR. A bronchodilator alkaloid (vasicinone) from Adhatoda vasica Nees Nature 1959; 184: 1317.
89. Karthikeyan A, Shanthi V, Nagasathya A. Preliminary Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of crude extract of the leaf of Adhatoda vasica (L). Int J Green Pharm. 2009; 3: 78-80.
90. Dhuley JN. Antitussive effect of Adhatoda vasica extract on mechanical or chemical stimulation induced coughing in animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 67: 361-365.
91. Bhattacharyya D, Pandit S, Jana U, Sur TK. Hepatoprotective activity of Adhatoda vasica aqueous leaf extract on D-galactosamine induced liver damage in rats. Fitoterapia 2005; 76: 223-225.
92. Venkatesh P, Dinakar A, Senthilkumar N. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective, Analgesic and Antipyretic activity of Aqueous Extracts of Boerhaavia Diffusa and Anisochlilus Carnosus. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2013; 4(1): 596 – 603.
93. Mohammed A, Kumar RJ, Santosh HY, Nagashruthi MH. Antiulcer activity of Anisochilus carnosus leaf extracts in pylorus ligation rats. Indian Drugs 2008; 45:979.
94. Muthuraman MS, Santharam L, Ariraman S, Pemaiah B. Studies on Anticancer and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Anisochilus carnosus Wallich – Extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012; 4(2):132-135. Srivastava S, Singh P, Jha KK, Mishra G, Srivastava S, Khosa RL. Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Aerial parts of Costus speciosus Koen. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013; 75 (1): 83-88.
95. Duraipandiyan V, Al-Harbi NA, Ignacimuthu S, Muthukumar C. Antimicrobial activity of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from traditional medicinal plant, Costus speciosus. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012; 12(13): 2-6.
96. Rani AS, Sulakshana G, Patnaik S. Costus speciosus, an antidiabetic plant-review. FS J Pharma Res. 2012; 1(3): 52-53.
97. Srivastava S, Singh P, Jha KK, Mishra G, Srivastava S, Khosa RL. Anthelmintic activity of aerial parts of Costus speciosus. International Journal of Green Pharmacy 2011; 5:325-328.
98. Bhattacharya SK, Parikh AK, Debnath PK, Pandey VB, Neogy NC. Anticholinesterase activity of Costus speciosus alkaloids. Ind J Pharmac. 1972; 4(3): 178-179.
99. Ariharan VN, Meena Devi VN, Rajakokhila M, Prasad PN. Antibacterial activity of Costus speciosus rhizome extract on some pathogenic bacteria. International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences 2012; 4: 24-27.
100. Nehete J, Bhatia M, Narkhede M. In-vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Costus speciosus (Koen). Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2010; 9(3): 271-277.
101. Verma N, Khosa RL. Effect of Costus speciosus and Wedelia chinensis on Brain Neurotransmitters and Enzyme Monoamine oxidase following Cold Immobilization Stress. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2009; 1(2): 22-25.
102. Jeyachandran R, Xavier TF, Anand SP. Antibacterial activity of stem extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (willd). Ancient science life. 2003; 23: 40–4.
103. Bafna PA, Balaraman R. Antiulcer and anti-oxidant activity of pepticare: A herbomineral formulation. Phytomedicine 2005; 12:264–70.
104. Kavitha BT, Shruthi SD, Padmalatha Rai S, Ramachandra YL. Phytochemical analysis and hepatoprotective properties of Tinospora cordifolia against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. Journal of Basic and ClinicalPharmacy. 2011; 2(3): 139–142.
105. Dikshit V, Damre AS, Kulkarni KR, Gokhale A, Saraf MN. Preliminary screening of imunocin for immunomodulatory activity. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2000; 62:257.
106. Castillo AL, Ramos JDA, De Francia JL, Quilala PF, Dujunco MU. Immunomodulatory Effects of Tinospora cordifolia Lotion on Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels In Scabies-Infected Pediatric Patients: A Single Blind, Randomized Trial. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2014; 6(3): 204-210.
107. Puranik N, Kammar KF, Devi S. Anti-diabetic activity of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) in streptozotocin diabetic rats; does it act like sulfonylureas. Turk J Med Sci. 2010; 40 (2): 265-270.
108. Methews S, Kuttan G. Antioxidant activities of Tinospora cordifolia and its usefulness in the amelioration of cyclophosphamide induced toxicity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 1997; 16:407.
109. Gupta AK, Tandon N, Sharma M. Review on Indian Medicinal Plants. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 2008; Vol 7:126.
110. Agrawal SK, Jat RK, Chhipa RC. Pharmacological evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum serratum. International Journal of Pharmacology & Toxicology 2013; 3(2):67-70.
111. Gupta AK, Tandon N, Sharma M. Review on Indian Medicinal Plants. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 2008; Vol 7:127.
112. Bhangare NK, Pansare TA, Ghongane BB, Nesari TM. Screening for anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity of Bharangi {Clerodendrum serrratum (Linn.) Moon} in animals. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 2012; 3(4):245–254.
113. Narayanan N, Thirugnanasambantham P, Viswanathan S, Vijayasekaran V, Sukumar E. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of ethanol extract of Clerodendron serratum roots in experimental animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1999; 65(3):237-241.
114. Saha D, Talukdar A, Das T, Ghosh SK, Rahman H. Evaluation of analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum serratum Linn leaves in rats. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences 2012; 2(6):33-37.
115. Zalke AS, Kulkarni AV, Shirode DS, Duraiswamy B. In vivo anticancer activity of Clerodendrum serratum (L) Moon Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2010; 1(3):89.
116. Ojha SK, Nandave M, Kumar S, Arya DS. Antioxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata in ischemic myocardium of rats. Global J Pharmacol. 2009; 3(3):154-7.
117. Sharmila R, Subburathinam KM, Aishwarya S, Anita Margre A. In-Silico Analysis of Andrographolide against Cancer. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2013; 5(2): 56-61.
118. Nalamolu Koteswara Rao. Anti-Hyperglycemic and Renal Protective Activities of Andrographis paniculata Roots Chloroform Extract. IJPT. 2006; 5:47-50.
119. Padma Y, Narasimhudu CL, Devi S, Natha NMB, Naga RB, Philip GH. In vitro anthelmintic activity of Andrographis paniculata (burm.f.) nees. Int J Pharm Res Develop. 2011; 3(3):202-5.
120. Bhardwaj A, Khatri P, Soni ML, Ali DJ. Potent herbal Hepatoprotective drugs- a review. J Adv Sci Res. 2011; 2(2):15-20.
121. Sheeja K, Shihab PK, Kuttan G. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant Andrographis paniculata Nees. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2006; 28(1):129-40.
122. Chen JX, Xue HJ, Ye WC, Fang BH, Liu YH, Yuan SH, Yu P, Wang YQ. Activity of andrographolide and its derivatives against influenza virus in vivo and in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009; 32(8):1385-91.
123. Singh N, Kulshrestha VK, Gupta MB, Bhargava KP. A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus. Indian J Med Res. 1970; 58: 103-109.
124. Birdar S, Kangralkar VA, Mandavkar Y, Thakur M, Chougule N. Anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, analgesic anticonvulsant activity of cyperus essential oils. Int J Pharm Parmaceut Sci. 2010; 2(4): 112-115.
125. Singh N, Kulshrestha VK, Gupta MB, Bhargava KP. A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus, Indian J Med Res. 1970; 58: 103-109.
126. Suresh Kumar SV, Mishra H. Hepatoprotective Activity of Rhizomes of Cyperus Rotundus Linn against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity. Indian J Pharm Sci.2005; 67(1): 84-88.
127. Meena AK, Yadav AK, Niranjan US , Singh B, Nagariya AK, Verma M. Review on Cyperus rotundus - A Potential Herb. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2010; 2(1): 20-22.
128. Zhu M, Luk HH, Fung HS, Luk CT. Cytoprotective effects of Cyperus rotundus against ethanol induced gastric ulceration in rats. Phytother Res. 1997; 11: 392–394.
129. Raut, NA, Gaikwad NJ. Antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Fitoterapia 2006; 77: 585–588.
130. Uddin SJ, Mondal K, Shilpi JA, Rahnan MT. Antidiarrhoeal activity of Cyperus rotundus. Fitoterapia 2006; 77 (2): 134–6.
131. Oboh IE, Onwukaeme DN. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of Sida acuta in mice and rat. Nig J Nat Prod and Med. 2005; 9: 19 – 21.
132. Akilandeswari S, Senthamarai R, Valarmathi R, Prema S. Screening of Gastric Antiulcer activity of Sida acuta. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research 2010; 2(2): 1644-1648.
133. Okwuosa CN, Azubike NC, Nebo. Evaluation of the antihyperglycemic activity of the crude extracts of Sida acuta in Normal and Diabetic Rabbits. Indian Journal of Novel Drug Delivery 2011; 3(3):206-213.
134. Rao KS, Mishra SH. Anti-inflammatory and Hepatoprotective activites of Sida cordifolia Linn. Indian Drugs1998; 34:92-97.
135. Karou D, Mamoudou H, Sanon S, Simpore J, Traore AS. Antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Burm f (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae).Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2003; 89: 291-294.
136. Shrama R, Sharma D, Kumar S. Antipyretic efficacy of Various Extracts of Sida acuta leaves. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical 2012; 3(2):515-518.
137. Jindal A, Kumar P. Antibacterial Activity of Sida Acuta Burm. F. Against Human Pathogens. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2012; 5(3):33-35.
138. Bahar E, Ara J, Alam M, Nath B, Bhowmik U, Runi N. In-vitro Antioxidant and Thrombolytic activity of Methanol extract of Sida acuta. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2013; 2(2): 125-133.
139. Barik CS, Kanungo SK, Tripathy NK, Panda JR, Padhi M. A Review on Therapeutic Potential of Polyherbal Formulations. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2015; 7(3): 211-228.
Published


How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2015 Thillaivanan S., Parthiban P., Kanakavalli K., Sathiyarajeshwaran P.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.