HEPATO PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA, TERMINALIA BELLIRICA, PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA AND THEIR FORMULATION ON IMIDACLOPRID INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY BY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Abstract
Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica and their formulations are used as a phytotherapeutic medicine for hepatic diseases. In the present study the effect of methanolic extract of herbal powder was administered against Imidacloprid in Albino Wistar Rats. Single dose of herbal (500 mg/kg/b.w) was given orally for 28 days to Imidacloprid toxicity exposed to rats. They were observed each hour and each day for 28 days for any changes in behavioural activity loss of ability to move, cramping, lethargy, muscle weakness, convulsion, irritation of the eye, excess salivation, change in gait. Clinical observations body weight, organ weight, biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were carried out. Administration of Imidacloprid, produced liver degeneration such as cytoplasmic vacuolation, mild vacuolar degeneration, mild hepatic damage in low dose (40 mg/kg b.w) and appearance of blood streaks, hepatic damage and severe vacuolar degenerations were observed in high dose of induction (80 mg/kg b.w). Animals were treated with the phytotherapeutic products of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica and their formulations. Triphala extract was possessed more hepatoprotective activity, while comparing the four samples which was proved experimentally.
Keywords:
Hepatoprotective, Phytotherapeutic, Imidacloprid (IMI), Histopathology, MethanolicDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070505References
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13. Iwalewa EO, Iwalewa OJ, Abeboye JO. Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform and ether extracts of Vernonia cinerea less leaf. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 86:229-234.
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25. Kirsh RS, Robson, Trey C. Diagnosis and management of liver disease, Chapman and Hall Medical, 1995; 1-7.
26. Eugin Amala V, Jeyaraj M. Determination of antibacterial, antifungal, bioactive constituents of Triphala by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis; International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences 2014; 6(8):123-126.
27. Eugin Amala V, Jeyaraj M. Comparitive evaluation of phytocomponents present in the methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica fruit extracts using GC-MS analysis. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences 2014; 5(4): (B) 927-934.
28. Mohany M, Bdar G, Refaat I, Garraud O, Elfeki M. Thymoquinone ameliororates immunological and histological changes induced by exposure to Imidacloprid insecticide. Toxicology Science 2012; 37(1): 1-11.
29. Soujanya S, Lakshman M, Anand Kumar A, Gopala Reddy A. Evaluation of protective role of Vitamin C in Imidacloprid induced hepato toxicity in male albino rats. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine 2012; 4(1):63-67.
2. Devarshi P, Kanase R, Kanase S, Mane S, Patil S, Varute. Effect of Mandur bhasma on lipolytic activities of liver, kidney and adipose tissue of albino rat during CCl4 induced hepatic injury. Journal of Bioscience 1986; 10:227-234.
3. Poppers PJ. Hepatic drug metabolism and anaesthesia. Anaethesist 1980; 29:55-58.
4. Tolman KG. Hepato toxicity of non norcatic analgesics. Am. J. Med. 1998; 105:13-19.
5. Singhal PC, Sharma P, Sanwal V, Prassad A, Kapasi A, Rajan R, Franki N, Reddy K, Gibbons N. Morphine modulates proliferation of kidney fibroblasts. Kidney Int. 1998; 53:350-357.
6. Brown AE. Mode of action of pesticides and related pest control chemicals for production, agricultural, ornamentals and Turf. Pesticide information leaflet No.1998 (43).
7. Wismer T. Novel Insecticides K. H. Plumlee (Ed.), Clinical veterinary toxicology, Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2004, pp. 184-185.
8. Mencke N, Jeschke P. Therapy and prevention of parasitic insects in veterinary medicine using Imidacloprid. Current topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2002; 701-715.
9. Thyssen J, Machemer L. Imidacloprid: Toxicology and Metabolism. Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Yamamoto, I.; Casida, J. E., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Tokyo, 1999, Chapter 9, pp. 213-222.
10. Eugin Amala V, Jeyaraj M. Phytochemical, antibacterial and functional group identification of medicinally useful plant Terminalia Chebula Retz., against Staphylococcus aureus, Psuedomonas aeruginosa and Klebsilella pneumoniae. Indian J. of Applied Research 2014; 4(1):23-25.
11. Eugin Amala V, Jeyaraj M. Biometric, functional group analysis, antibacterial and antifungal activity of Terminalia bellirica Roxb and Phyllanthus emblica L. against some Pathogenic Microorganism. International J. of Sci. Research. 2014; 3(4):531-533.
12. Mazumder UK, Gupta M, Manikandan L, Bhattacharya S, Haldar PK, Roy S. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Vernonia cinerea less extract in rats. Phytomedicine 2003; 10:185-188.
13. Iwalewa EO, Iwalewa OJ, Abeboye JO. Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform and ether extracts of Vernonia cinerea less leaf. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 86:229-234.
14. Harbone JB. Phytochemical Analysis: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd Edition, Chapman and Hall, Int. Ed., Newyork, 1998.
15. Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy: Vallabh Prakashan, 2001. pp. 218.
16. Hovda LR, Hooser SB. Toxicology of newer pesticides for use in dogs and cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 2002; 32:455-467.
17. Selmanglu G, Barlas N, Songur S, Kocskaya EA. Carbendazim induced haematological, Biochemical and Histopathological changes to the liver and kidney of male rats. Human Experimental Toxicology 2001; 20(12):625-630.
18. De S, Ravishankar B, Bhavsar GC. Plants with hepato protective activity a review. Indian drugs 1993; 30: 355-363.
19. USEPA. Imidacloprid, Pesticide Tolerance. Federal Register. 1998, 63(57) pp. 14363-14371.
20. Neha T, Rawal UM. Hepatoprotective and toxicological evaluation of Andrographis paniculata on severe liver damage. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2000; 32:288-293.
21. Hurley J, Horowitz J. Alcohol and Health. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, London, 1990, pp. 61-63.
22. Afaf I, Abuelgasium, Naha HS, Mohammad AH. Hepatoprotective effect of Lepidium sativum against CCL4 induced damage in rats, Res. J. Ani. Vet. Sci. 2008; 3:20-23.
23. Sheila S, Dooley J. Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System (9th Ed.) Blackwell scientific publications, Osney Mead, Oxfors OX2OEL 1993, pp. 1-16.
24. Glaister JR. Principles of toxicological pathology. Taylor and Francis, London, U.K. 1986, pp. 81-94.
25. Kirsh RS, Robson, Trey C. Diagnosis and management of liver disease, Chapman and Hall Medical, 1995; 1-7.
26. Eugin Amala V, Jeyaraj M. Determination of antibacterial, antifungal, bioactive constituents of Triphala by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis; International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences 2014; 6(8):123-126.
27. Eugin Amala V, Jeyaraj M. Comparitive evaluation of phytocomponents present in the methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica fruit extracts using GC-MS analysis. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences 2014; 5(4): (B) 927-934.
28. Mohany M, Bdar G, Refaat I, Garraud O, Elfeki M. Thymoquinone ameliororates immunological and histological changes induced by exposure to Imidacloprid insecticide. Toxicology Science 2012; 37(1): 1-11.
29. Soujanya S, Lakshman M, Anand Kumar A, Gopala Reddy A. Evaluation of protective role of Vitamin C in Imidacloprid induced hepato toxicity in male albino rats. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine 2012; 4(1):63-67.
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01-09-2015
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“HEPATO PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA, TERMINALIA BELLIRICA, PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA AND THEIR FORMULATION ON IMIDACLOPRID INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY BY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 7, no. 5, Sept. 2015, pp. 407-11, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070505.
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How to Cite
“HEPATO PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA, TERMINALIA BELLIRICA, PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA AND THEIR FORMULATION ON IMIDACLOPRID INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY BY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 7, no. 5, Sept. 2015, pp. 407-11, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2015.070505.
