PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA: AN OVERVIEW
Abstract
Ayurveda, the science of life, deals with the holistic view of healthy living. It covers various physiology and pathology of diseases and their therapies. From time immemorial mankind's efforts and ultimate aim have been to seek eternal happiness. And his endeavour has been to overcome and seek appropriate remedies for things that stand in his way. Physical and mental well being is of prime importance towards this end Medical Science while relieving his malady assures him of a healthy life man or living being for that matter is afflicted by grief or disease even since inception. Phytochemical, Pharmacological, experimental and Clinical investigations on various medicinal plants have been conducted by many scientist, researchers etc. It may be seen that the ancient Ayurvedic physicians clearly understood the process of digestion and metabolism. Boerhaavia diffusa (Punarnava) is one of the most famous medicinal plants in the treatment of a large number of human ailments is mentioned in Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushrita Samhita. This paper explains the evidence-based information regarding the pharmacological activity of this plant. It has many ethnobotanical uses (the leaves are used as vegetable; the root juice is used to cure asthma, urinary disorders, leukorrhea, rheumatism, and encephalitis), and is medicinally used in the traditional Ayurvedic system.
Keywords:
Ayurveda, Pharmacological action, Boerhaavia diffusa, Medicinal plantDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020103References
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7. Ahmed M, Datta BK, Rouf ASS. Phytochemistry 1990; 29: 1709-1710.
8. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1989; 37: 3214-3220.
9. Lami N, Kadota S, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1990; 38: 1558-1562.
10. Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1991; 39: 1863-1865.
11. Jain GK, Khanna NM. Indian Journal of Chemistry 1989; 28(B): 163-166.
12. Seth RK, Khanna M, Chaudhary M, Singh S, Sarin JPS. Indian Drugs 1986; 23: 583-584.
13. Indian Journal of Chemistry 1984; 23(B): 682-684.
14. Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T, Momose Y. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1991; 39: 1551-1555.
15. Ojewole JAO, Adesina SK. Fitoterapia 1985; 56: 31-36.
16. Ahmed B, Yu CP. Phytochemistry 1992; 31: 4382-4384.
17. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1989; 37: 3214-3220.
18. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1987; 76: S201.
19. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. Edn 38, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2005, pp.537-538.
20. Aslam M. Asian Medicine and its practice in Britain. In: Evans, W.C. (Ed.), Pharmacognosy. Saunders Company Ltd, London, 1996, pp. 499–500.
21. Liogier A. Plantas Medicinales de Puerto Rico y del Caribe. Iberoamerican de Ediciones Inc. 1990.
22. Deepak M, Manahas LR, Maurya R, Handa S. Process for isolation of eupalitin from Boerhaavia diffusa. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2005.
23. Zheng HY, Li SB. Synthesis of 6, 9, 11-Trihydroxy-6a, 12a-dehydrorotenoid. Chinese Chemical Letters 2005; 16(1):20-22.
24. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1988; 36:834–836.
25. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1989; 37:3214–3220.
26. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1988; 36:2289–2292.
27. Lami N, Kadota S, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990; 38:1558–1562.
28. Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991; 39:1863–1865.
29. Yelne MB, Sharma PC, Dennis TJ. Database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. Vol.1, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New-Delhi, 2000, pp. 360-378.
30. Mungantiwar AA, Nair AM, Shinde UA, Dikshit VJ, Saraf MN, Thakur VS, Sainis KB. Studies on the Immunomodulatory Effects of Boerhaavia diffusa Alkaloidal Fraction. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1999; 65:125–131.
31. Pandeya R, Maurya R, Singh G, Sathiamoorthy B, Sita Naika S. Immunosuppressive Properties of Flavonoids isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. International Immunopharmacology 2005; 5:541–553.
32. Mehrotra S, Mishra KP, Maurya R, Srimal RC, Singh VK. Preliminary Report Immunomodulation by Ethanolic Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa roots. International Immunopharmacology 2002; 2:987–996.
33. Pari L, Satheesh MA. Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. : Effect on Hepatic key Enzymes in Experimental Diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2004; 91:109–113.
34. Nalamolu RK, Boini KM, Nammi S. Effect of Chronic Administration of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. leaf extract on Experimental Diabetes in Rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2004; 3(1): 305-309.
35. Manu KA, Kuttan G. Anti-metastatic Potential of Punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Immunobiology 2009; 214:245–255.
36. Leyon PV, Lini CC, Kuttan G. Inhibitory Effect of Boerhaavia diffusa on Experimental Metastasis by B16F10 Melanoma in C57BL/6 Mice. Life Sciences 2005; 76:1339–1349.
37. Manu KA, Leyon PV, Kuttan G. Studies on the Protective Effects of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Against Gamma Radiation Induced Damage in Mice. Integr Cancer Ther. 2007; 6: 381.
38. Pereira DM, Faria J, Gaspar L, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Boerhaavia diffusa: Metabolite profiling of a Medicinal Plant from Nyctaginaceae. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2009; 47:2142-2149.
39. Rachh PR, Rachh MR, Modi DC, Shah BN, Bhargava AS, Patel NM, Rupareliya MT. In-vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.) International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2009; 1(1):36-40.
40. Sreeja SK, Sreeja SK. An In Vitro Study on Antiproliferative and Antiestrogenic Effects of Boerhaavia diffusa L. extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009; 126:221–225.
41. Hiruma-Lima CA, Gracioso JS, Bighetti EJB, Germonsen Robineou L, Souza Brito ARM. The Juice of Fresh leaves of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae) markedly reduces pain in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2000; 71:267–274.
42. Mehrotra S, Singh VK, Agarwal SS, Maurya R, Srimal RC. Antilymphoproliferative Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa Roots. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 2002; 72:236–242.
43. Awasthi LP, Verma HN. Boerhaavia diffusa – A Wild Herb with Potent Biological and Antimicrobial Properties. Asian –agrihistory 10:55-68.
44. Lohani S, Jan A, Verma HN. In Vivo and In Vitro Resistance Induction in Tobacco by Boerhaavia diffusa Systemic Resistance Inducing Protein and Transfer of Induced Resistance in In Vitro Tobacco Plants. Biotechnology 2007; 3:389-392.
45. Gulati RK, agarwal S, Agrawal SS. Hepatoprotective Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Against Country made liquor induced Hepatotoxocity in Albino Rats fed on Controlled Calorie Diet. Indian J Pharmac. 1991; 23:264-267.
46. Chandan BK, Sharma AK, Anand KK. Boerhaavia diffusa- A Study of its Hepatoprotective Activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1991; 31:299-307.
47. Desai SK, Gawali AB, D’souza LL. Potentiating Effect of Piperine on Hepatoprotective Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa to Combat Oxidative Stress. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1991; 31:299-307.
48. Girish HV, Satish S. Antibacterial Activity of Important Medicinal Plants on Human Pathogenic Bacteria-a Comparative Analysis. World Applied Sciences Journal 2008; 5(3): 267-271.
49. Sumantha M, Mustafa SS. Antistress Adoptogenic & Immunopotentiating activity roots of Boerhaavia diffusa in mice. International Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 3(5):416-420.
50. Jagetia GC, Rao SK, Baliga MS, Babu KS. The Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Certain Herbal Formulations in vitro: A Preliminary Study. Phytotherapy Research Phytother. Res. 2004; 18: 561–565.
51. Mungantiwar AA, Nair AM, Shinde UA, Saraf MN. Effect of stress on plasma and adrenal cortisol levels and immune responsiveness in rats: modulation by alkaoidal fraction of Boerhaavia diffusa. Fitoterapia 1997; 6: 498-500.
52. Chauhan CK, Joshi MJ, Vaidya ADB. Growth Inhibition of Struvite Crystals in the Presence of Herbal Extract Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. American Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009; 5(3): 177-186.
53. Barthwal M, Srivastava K. Histologic studies on endometrium of menstruating monkeys wearing IUDs: comparative evaluation of drugs. Advances in contraception 1990; 6:113-124.
54. Rupjyoti B, Mohammed R, Azad H, Tabassum J. Chemopreventive action of Boerhaavia diffusa on DMBA–induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 47 (4): 459–464.
55. Shukla N, Sangwan NS, Misra HO, Sangwan RS. Genetic diversity analysis in Boerhaavia diffusa L. of different geographic locations in India using RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2003; 50: 587–601.
56. Sasi kala M, Vijay SK, Gauthaman K. Relevance of the use of Alternative Medicine for Bronchial Asthma: A review. J young pharm. 2009; 1(2):184-189.
57. Nandkarni KM. Indian Metria, Vol. 1, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1976, pp. 202.
58. Patwardhan B, Ashok DBV, Chorghade M. Ayurveda and natural products drug discovery. Current Science 2004; 80(6): 789-799.
2. Yelne MB, Sharma PC, Dennis TJ. Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda. Vol.1, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New-Delhi, 2000, pp. 360.
3. Chopra GL, Angiosperms: Systematics and Life Cycle. S. Nagin & Co., Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 1969, pp. 361–365.
4. Singh A. Boerhaavia diffusa: An over-exploited plant of medicinal importance in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Current Science 2007; 93(4): 446.
5. Correa MP. Dicionario de Plantas U teis do Brazil e das Exo´ ticas Cultivadas. IBDF, Ministe´rio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, 1984; Vol. IV, pp. 159.
6. Chauhan M, Pillai APG. Ayurvedic Medicinal Flora of Gujarat state with distribution atlases. 2000; Vol.1, pp. 38-39.
7. Ahmed M, Datta BK, Rouf ASS. Phytochemistry 1990; 29: 1709-1710.
8. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1989; 37: 3214-3220.
9. Lami N, Kadota S, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1990; 38: 1558-1562.
10. Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1991; 39: 1863-1865.
11. Jain GK, Khanna NM. Indian Journal of Chemistry 1989; 28(B): 163-166.
12. Seth RK, Khanna M, Chaudhary M, Singh S, Sarin JPS. Indian Drugs 1986; 23: 583-584.
13. Indian Journal of Chemistry 1984; 23(B): 682-684.
14. Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T, Momose Y. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1991; 39: 1551-1555.
15. Ojewole JAO, Adesina SK. Fitoterapia 1985; 56: 31-36.
16. Ahmed B, Yu CP. Phytochemistry 1992; 31: 4382-4384.
17. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1989; 37: 3214-3220.
18. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1987; 76: S201.
19. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. Edn 38, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2005, pp.537-538.
20. Aslam M. Asian Medicine and its practice in Britain. In: Evans, W.C. (Ed.), Pharmacognosy. Saunders Company Ltd, London, 1996, pp. 499–500.
21. Liogier A. Plantas Medicinales de Puerto Rico y del Caribe. Iberoamerican de Ediciones Inc. 1990.
22. Deepak M, Manahas LR, Maurya R, Handa S. Process for isolation of eupalitin from Boerhaavia diffusa. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2005.
23. Zheng HY, Li SB. Synthesis of 6, 9, 11-Trihydroxy-6a, 12a-dehydrorotenoid. Chinese Chemical Letters 2005; 16(1):20-22.
24. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1988; 36:834–836.
25. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1989; 37:3214–3220.
26. Kadota S, Lami N, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1988; 36:2289–2292.
27. Lami N, Kadota S, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990; 38:1558–1562.
28. Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991; 39:1863–1865.
29. Yelne MB, Sharma PC, Dennis TJ. Database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. Vol.1, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New-Delhi, 2000, pp. 360-378.
30. Mungantiwar AA, Nair AM, Shinde UA, Dikshit VJ, Saraf MN, Thakur VS, Sainis KB. Studies on the Immunomodulatory Effects of Boerhaavia diffusa Alkaloidal Fraction. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1999; 65:125–131.
31. Pandeya R, Maurya R, Singh G, Sathiamoorthy B, Sita Naika S. Immunosuppressive Properties of Flavonoids isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. International Immunopharmacology 2005; 5:541–553.
32. Mehrotra S, Mishra KP, Maurya R, Srimal RC, Singh VK. Preliminary Report Immunomodulation by Ethanolic Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa roots. International Immunopharmacology 2002; 2:987–996.
33. Pari L, Satheesh MA. Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. : Effect on Hepatic key Enzymes in Experimental Diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2004; 91:109–113.
34. Nalamolu RK, Boini KM, Nammi S. Effect of Chronic Administration of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. leaf extract on Experimental Diabetes in Rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2004; 3(1): 305-309.
35. Manu KA, Kuttan G. Anti-metastatic Potential of Punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Immunobiology 2009; 214:245–255.
36. Leyon PV, Lini CC, Kuttan G. Inhibitory Effect of Boerhaavia diffusa on Experimental Metastasis by B16F10 Melanoma in C57BL/6 Mice. Life Sciences 2005; 76:1339–1349.
37. Manu KA, Leyon PV, Kuttan G. Studies on the Protective Effects of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Against Gamma Radiation Induced Damage in Mice. Integr Cancer Ther. 2007; 6: 381.
38. Pereira DM, Faria J, Gaspar L, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Boerhaavia diffusa: Metabolite profiling of a Medicinal Plant from Nyctaginaceae. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2009; 47:2142-2149.
39. Rachh PR, Rachh MR, Modi DC, Shah BN, Bhargava AS, Patel NM, Rupareliya MT. In-vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.) International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2009; 1(1):36-40.
40. Sreeja SK, Sreeja SK. An In Vitro Study on Antiproliferative and Antiestrogenic Effects of Boerhaavia diffusa L. extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009; 126:221–225.
41. Hiruma-Lima CA, Gracioso JS, Bighetti EJB, Germonsen Robineou L, Souza Brito ARM. The Juice of Fresh leaves of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae) markedly reduces pain in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2000; 71:267–274.
42. Mehrotra S, Singh VK, Agarwal SS, Maurya R, Srimal RC. Antilymphoproliferative Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa Roots. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 2002; 72:236–242.
43. Awasthi LP, Verma HN. Boerhaavia diffusa – A Wild Herb with Potent Biological and Antimicrobial Properties. Asian –agrihistory 10:55-68.
44. Lohani S, Jan A, Verma HN. In Vivo and In Vitro Resistance Induction in Tobacco by Boerhaavia diffusa Systemic Resistance Inducing Protein and Transfer of Induced Resistance in In Vitro Tobacco Plants. Biotechnology 2007; 3:389-392.
45. Gulati RK, agarwal S, Agrawal SS. Hepatoprotective Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Against Country made liquor induced Hepatotoxocity in Albino Rats fed on Controlled Calorie Diet. Indian J Pharmac. 1991; 23:264-267.
46. Chandan BK, Sharma AK, Anand KK. Boerhaavia diffusa- A Study of its Hepatoprotective Activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1991; 31:299-307.
47. Desai SK, Gawali AB, D’souza LL. Potentiating Effect of Piperine on Hepatoprotective Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa to Combat Oxidative Stress. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1991; 31:299-307.
48. Girish HV, Satish S. Antibacterial Activity of Important Medicinal Plants on Human Pathogenic Bacteria-a Comparative Analysis. World Applied Sciences Journal 2008; 5(3): 267-271.
49. Sumantha M, Mustafa SS. Antistress Adoptogenic & Immunopotentiating activity roots of Boerhaavia diffusa in mice. International Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 3(5):416-420.
50. Jagetia GC, Rao SK, Baliga MS, Babu KS. The Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Certain Herbal Formulations in vitro: A Preliminary Study. Phytotherapy Research Phytother. Res. 2004; 18: 561–565.
51. Mungantiwar AA, Nair AM, Shinde UA, Saraf MN. Effect of stress on plasma and adrenal cortisol levels and immune responsiveness in rats: modulation by alkaoidal fraction of Boerhaavia diffusa. Fitoterapia 1997; 6: 498-500.
52. Chauhan CK, Joshi MJ, Vaidya ADB. Growth Inhibition of Struvite Crystals in the Presence of Herbal Extract Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. American Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009; 5(3): 177-186.
53. Barthwal M, Srivastava K. Histologic studies on endometrium of menstruating monkeys wearing IUDs: comparative evaluation of drugs. Advances in contraception 1990; 6:113-124.
54. Rupjyoti B, Mohammed R, Azad H, Tabassum J. Chemopreventive action of Boerhaavia diffusa on DMBA–induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 47 (4): 459–464.
55. Shukla N, Sangwan NS, Misra HO, Sangwan RS. Genetic diversity analysis in Boerhaavia diffusa L. of different geographic locations in India using RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2003; 50: 587–601.
56. Sasi kala M, Vijay SK, Gauthaman K. Relevance of the use of Alternative Medicine for Bronchial Asthma: A review. J young pharm. 2009; 1(2):184-189.
57. Nandkarni KM. Indian Metria, Vol. 1, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1976, pp. 202.
58. Patwardhan B, Ashok DBV, Chorghade M. Ayurveda and natural products drug discovery. Current Science 2004; 80(6): 789-799.
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01-01-2010
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“PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA: AN OVERVIEW”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 17-22, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020103.
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How to Cite
“PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA: AN OVERVIEW”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 17-22, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020103.
