PELLETIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY
Abstract
Multiparticulates are discrete particles that make up a multiple unit system. Although pellets have been used in the pharmaceutical industry for more than four decades, with the advent of controlled release technology, that the full impact of the inherent advantages of pellets over single unit dosage forms have been realized, not only has focused on refining and optimizing existing pelletization techniques, but also focused on the development of novel approaches and procedures for manufacturing of pellets. The present review outlines the manufacturing and evaluation of pellets. The manufacturing techniques include layering, cryopelletization, freeze pelletization, extrusion spheronization and hot melt extrusion have been discussed. Characterization of pellets is discussed with reference to the particle size distribution, surface area, porosity, density, hardness, friability and tensile strength of pellets.
Keywords:
Multiparticulates, pelletization, freeze pelletization, cryopelletization, extrusion spheronization.DOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2009.010202References
Gamlen MJ. Pellet manufacture for controlled release. Manuf Chem 1985; 56: 55-59.
Vuppala MK, Parikh DM, Bhagat HR. Application of powder-layering technology and film coating for manufacture of sustained-release pellets using a rotary fluid bed processor. Drug Dev Ind pharm 1997; 23: 687-694.
Bechgaard H, Nielsen GH.Controlled-release multiple-unit and single-unit doses. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1978; 4: 53-67.
Devices GSI. Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology. Vol. 37. Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1989, pp. 30-100.
Dechesne JP, Delattre L. A new enteric tablet of acetylsalicylic acid: II. Biopharmaceutical aspects. Int J Pharm 1986; 34: 259-62.
Celik M. In Multiparticulate oral drug delivery. Marcel Dekker inc.; 1994. p.181.
Hogan J. Pharma-the science of dosage form design. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2001, pp. 441-448.
Ragnarsson G, Sandberg A, Johansson MO, Sjogren J. Development of a new controlled release metoprolol product. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1987; 13: 1495-1509.
Ghebre SI, Gordon R, Fawzi MB, Nesbitt RU. Evaluation of a high-speed pelletization process and equipment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1985; 11: 1523-1541.
Kristensen HG, Schaefer T. Granulation. A review of pharmaceutical wet granulation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1987; 13: 803-872.
Abrahamsson B, Alpsten M, Jonsson UE. Gastro-intestinal transit of a multiple-unit formulation (metoprolol CR/ZOK) and a non-disintegrating tablet with the emphasis on colon. Int J Pharm 1996; 140: 229-35.
Eskilson C. Controlled release by microencapsulation. Manuf Chem 1985; 56: 33-41.
Ganderton D. Sustained release for oral administration. Manuf Chem 1985; 27-31.
Lyne CW, Johnston HG. The selection of pelletisers. Powder Technol 1981; 29:211-216.
Vertommen J, Kinget R. The influence of five selected processing and formulation variables on the particle size, particle size distribution, and friability of pellets produced in a rotary processor. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1997; 23: 39-46.
Reynolds AD. A new technique for the production of spherical particles. Manuf Chem 1970; 6: 39-43.
Wan LSC, Lai WF. Factors affecting drug release from drug-coated granules prepared by fluidized-bed coating. Int J Pharm 1991; 72: 163-174.
Nantharat P, Roland B. Dry Powder Coating of Pellets with micronized Eudragit RS for Extended Drug Release. Pharma Research 2003; 20.
Wesdyk R, Joshi YM, Jain NB, Morris K, Newman A. The effect of size and mass on the film thickness of beads coated in fluidized bed equipment. Int J Pharm 1990; 65: 69-76.
Zimm KR, Schwartz JB, Connor RE. Drug release from multiparticulate pellet system. Pharma Dev Technol 1996; 1: 37-42.
Nastruzzi C, Cortesi R, Esposito E, Genovesi A, Spadoni A, Vecchio C, Menegatti E. Influence of formulation and process parameters on pellet production by powder layering technique. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2000; 1: 9.
Claudio N, Rita C, Elisabetta E, Alberto G, Alessandro S, Carlo V. Influence of Formulation and Process Parameters on Pellet Production by Powder Layering Technique. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2000.
Swarbrick J, Boylan JC. “Fluid bed dryer, granulator and coaters, Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. 1992; 6:171-173.
Laichera M. Process Optimizaton of pellet coating and drying using fluid bed production units. Pharm Technol 1994; 15: 82-94.
Pankaj RR, Kurt AF, Laura KS, Ali R, Rajabi S. Predictability of Drug Release from Multiparticulate Systems Coated with an Aqueous Ethyl cellulose Dispersion, Modified Release Technologies, Colorcon, Moyer Boulevard, West Point, PA 19486.
Cheboyina S, Chambliss WG, Wyandt CM. A novel freeze pelletization technique for preparing matrix pellets. Pharm Techv 2004; 28: 98-108
Weyermanns G. Freezing and pelletizing process and device for pourable and flowing materials. US patent. 5694777; 1997.
Schaefer T, Holm P, Kristensen HG. Melt pelletization in a high shear mixer. Effect of process variables and binder. Acta Pharm Nord 1992; 4:133-140.
Cheboyina S, Chabliss WG, Wyandt CM. Wax based sustained release matrix pellets prepared by a novel freeze pelletization technique I. Formulation and process variables affecting pellet characteristics. Int J Pharm 2008; 359: 158-66.
Cheboyina S, Chabliss WG, Wyandt CM. A novel freeze pelletization technique for preparing matrix pellets, Pharm Tech 2004; 28: 98-108.
Hicks DC, Freese HL. Extrusion and spheronizing equipment in pharmaceutical pelletization technology. Marcel Dekker Inc. 1989, pp.71.
Sreekhar C, Wyandt CM. Wax-based sustained release matrix pellets prepared by a novel freeze pelletization technique: II. In vitro drug release studies and release mechanisms, Int J Pharm 2008; 359: 167-173.
Fielden KE, Newton JM, Rowe RC. The influence of lactose particle size on spheronization of extrudate processed by a ram extruder. Int J Pharm 1992; 81: 205-12.
Chokshi R, Zia Hl. Hot melt extrusion technique: a review, Iranian J Pharm Res 2004; 3: 3-16.
Steckel H, Mindermann-Nogly F. Production of chitosan pellets by extrusion spheronization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 57: 107-13.
Breitenbach J. Melt extrusion, from process to drug delivery technology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2002; 54: 107-17.
Published

