HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SANTALUM ALBUM LINN. LEAVES
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Santalum album in experimentally induced liver injury by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. The levels of serum marker enzymes, bilirubin, total protein and antioxidant status were determined by measuring lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Total wet weight and histopathological study of isolated liver was also carried out. The oral pre-treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of S. album (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the activities of serum marker enzymes, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation, and significant increase in the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and protein in a dose dependent manner, which was confirmed by the decrease in the total weight of the liver and histopathological examinations. Data also revealed that the extract possessed strong antioxidant activity, which might leads to the promising hepatoprotective activity.
Keywords:
Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective activity, Paracetamol, Santalum albumDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060311References
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2. Niki E. Antioxidants, in Free radicals and biological defence, edited by E Niki, H Shimaski and M Mino. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, 1995, pp. 3.
3. Sen CK. Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants: state of the art. Int J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995; 39:177-196.
4. Gram TE, Gillette JR. Bio-transformation of drugs, in Fundamentals of biochemical pharmacology, edited by Z M Bacq. Pergamon Press, New York, 1971, pp. 571-609.
5. Handa SS, Sharma A, Chakraborty KK. Natural products and plants as liver protecting drugs. Fitoterapia 1989; 57:307-351.
6. Brent JA, Rumack BH. Mechanisms, Role of free radicals in toxic hepatic injury II, Free radical biochemistry. Clin Toxicol. 1993; 31:173-196.
7. Kalpana P, Shaikh MohammedImtiaz, Anoop S, Varsha B, Shaikh G. Hepatoprotective activity of Cucumis trigonus Roxb fruit against CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats. Iranian J Pharm Res. 2011; 10(2):295–299.
8. Mitchell JR, Jollow DJ, Potter WZ, Gillette JR, Brodie BB. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. IV. Protective role of glutathione. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1973; 187:211-217.
9. Recknagel RO. A new direction on the study of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Life Sci. 1983; 33:401-408.
10. James A Duke, Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Judi duCellier, Peggy-Ann K Duke. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.2002, pp. 646-647.
11. Chavda R, Vadalia KR, Gokani R. Hepatoprotective activity of root bark of Calatropis procera R.Br (Asclepediaceae). Int J Pharmacol. 2010; 6(6);937-934.
12. Yan C, Liu H, Lin L. Simultaneous determination of vitexin and isovitexin in rat plasma after oral administration of Santalum album L. leaves extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012; 27(2):228-232.
13. Yan C, Lin L, Liu H, Lin Z, Chen P, Cai C, Zheng L. Study of flavonoids from leaves of Santalum Album. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2011; 36(22):3130-3133.
14. Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. 1ed New Delhi, Vallabh Prakashan. 1994, pp. 110-111.
15. OECD/OCDE. 425 OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals acute oral toxicity, up and down procedure 2001; 26:1-26.
16. Singh K, Khanna AK, Chander R. Hepatoprotective activity of ellagic acid against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J Expt Biol. 1999; 37:1025-1029.
17. Suja SR, Latha PG, Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan P. Antihepatotoxic activity of Spilanthes ciliata on paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Pharmaceut Biol. 2003; 41:536-541.
18. Reitman S, Frankel SA. Colorimetric method for determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvate transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1957; 28:53.-56.
19. IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1986; 24:481-497.
20. Gornall A. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J Biol Chem. 1949; 177:751-766.
21. Pearlman PC, Lee RT. Detection and measurement of total bilirubin in serum with use of surfactants as solubilising agents. Clin Chem. 1974; 20:447-453.
22. Balaraman R, Bafna PA, Kolhapure SA. Antioxidant activity of DHC-1* – a herbal formulation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 94:135-141.
23. Oyaizu M. Studies on product of browing reactions preparations from glucoseamine. Jap J Nutrition. 1986; 44:307-309.
24. Oyedemi SO, Bradley G, Afolaya AJ. In-vitro and In-vivo antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Strychnos henningsii Gilg. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010; 4(2):70-78.
25. Karunakar Hegde, Arun B Joshi. Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J Expt Biol. 2009; 47:660-667.
26. Syed A, Thippeswamy BS, Kulkarni VH, Hegde Karunakar. Hepatoprotective effect of Euphorbia thymifolia whole plantextract on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2011; 2(2):681-686.
27. Parmar SR, Patel HV, Kalia K. Hepatoprotective activity of some plants extract against paraceamol induced hepatotoxicityin rats. J Herb Med Toxicol. 2010; 4(2):101-106.
28. Paya M, Ferrandiz ML, Sanz MJ, Alcaraz MJ. Effects of phenolic compounds on bromobenzene mediated hepatotoxicity in mice. Xenobiotica.1993; 23:327-333.
29. Tran QI, Adnyana IK, Tezuka Y, Nagaoka T, Tran QK, Kadota S. Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocyte protective activity. J Nat Prod. 2001; 64:456-461.
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01-07-2014
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“HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SANTALUM ALBUM LINN. LEAVES”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 6, no. 3, July 2014, pp. 224-8, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060311.
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“HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SANTALUM ALBUM LINN. LEAVES”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 6, no. 3, July 2014, pp. 224-8, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2014.060311.
