SCREENING OF EMBELIA RIBES FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
Abstract
The fruits of Embelia ribes reported to contain mainly benzoquinone derivatives such as Embelin (2, 5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-benzoquinone). Chemical structure of Embelin is having quite resemblance with the structure of natural Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinones) and the role of this is well defined in various biochemical protective mechanism. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Embelia ribes (Myrsinaceae) plant extracts using standard in vitro antifungal susceptibility test methods like NCCLS M27- A2 protocol (The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards , USA) and EUCAST (European Committee for Antifungal Susceptibility Tests). Values of the MIC50 obtained by NCCLS method revealed that Methanol extract and Embelin exhibited lowest MIC50 values against C. albican (183) which was 120 mg/L. Embelin's MIC50 values were below 700 mg/L for C. albican, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. albidus and A. flavus. Diethyl ether extract, petroleum ether extract, methanol extract and embelin obtained MIC50 in range of 300-700 mg/L against C. albican and C. parapsilosis. Petroleum ether extract showed lowest MIC50 values for C. parapsilosis (250 mg/L); C. laurintis (360 mg/L); I.orientalis (180 mg/L) and A. fumigatus(170 mg/L).
Keywords:
Embelia ribes, antifungal, NCCLS, EUCASTDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2009.010314References
1. Kumara Swamy HM, Krishna V, Shankarmurthy K, Abdul Rahiman B, Mankani KL, Mahadevan KM, Harish BG, Raja Naika H. Wound healing activity of embelin isolated from the ethanol extract of leaves of Embelia ribes Burm., Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007; 109: 3, 529-534.
2. Joshi R, Kamat JP, Mukherjee T. Free radical scavenging reactions and antioxidant activity of embelin: Biochemical and pulse radiolytic studies, Chemico-Biological Interactions 2007; 167: 2, 125-134.
3. Seth SD, Johri N, Sundaram KR. antispermatogenic effect of embelin from embelia ribes. Ind J Pharmac 1982; 14: 2, 207-211.
4. Radhakrishnan N, Alam M. Antifertility activity of embelin in albino rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1975; 3: 70-71.
5. Arora RB, Ghatak N, Gupta SP. Antifertility activity of Embelia ribes. Indian J Med Res 1971; 6: l-5.
6. Anand OP, Sisodia B, Mathur R. Antiimplantation mechanism of action of embelin in rats. Phytotherapy Research 2006; 6: 1, 29 – 33.
7. Gupta S, Sanyal S, Kanwar U. Effects of embelin, a male antifertility agent, on absorptive and digestive functions of rat intestine. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 33: 3, 203-12.
8. Chitraa M, Shyamala Devia CS, Sukumar E. Antibacterial activity of embelin. Fitoterapia 2003; 74: 4, 401-403.
9. Seok Ahn K, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Embelin, an Inhibitor of X Chromosome-Linked Inhibitor-of- Apoptosis Protein, Blocks Nuclear Factor-КB (NF-ÑœB) Signaling Pathway Leading to Suppression of NF-КB-Regulated Antiapoptotic and Metastatic Gene Products. Molecular Pharmacology 2007; 71: 1, 209–219.
10. Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Xu L, Hu Z, Tomita Y, Li P, Roller PP, Wang R, Fang X, Guo R, Zhang M, Lippman ME, Yang D, Wang S. Discovery of embelin as a cell-permeable, small-molecular weight inhibitor of XIAP through structure-based computational screening of a traditional herbal medicine three-dimensional structure database. J Med Chem 2004; 47: 10, 2430-40.
11. Shahid M, Shahzad A, Sobia F, Sahai A, Tripathi T, Singh A, Khan HM. Plant Natural Products as a Potential Source for Antibacterial Agents: Recent Trends, Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 8: 3, 211-225.
12. Bhandari U, Nazam Ansari M, Islam F, Tripathi CD. The effect of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes Burm on serum homocysteine, lipids and oxidative enzymes in methionine induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 40: 4, 152-157.
13. Choudhury RP, Md. Ibrahim A, Bharathi HN, Venkatasubramanian P. Quantitative Analysis of Embelin in Myrsine africana L. (Myrsinaceae) using HPLC and HPTLC, Electronic Journal of Food and Plants Chemistry 2007; 2: 1, 20-24.
14. Jalalpure SS, Alagawadi KR, Mahajanashetti CS, Shah BN, Salahuddin, Singh V, Patil JK. In vitro anthelmintic property of various seed oils against Pheritima posthuma. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007; 69: 158-60.
15. Kobaisy M, Cantrell CL, Mims AB, Lax AR, Tellez MR, Osbrink WLA. Activity of 1, 4-Benzoquinones against Formosan Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes formosanus), J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 4021-4026.
16. Feresin GE, Tapia A, Sortino M, Zacchino S, de Arias AR, Inchausti A, Yaluff G, Rodriguez J, Theoduloz C, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Bioactive alkyl phenols and embelin from Oxalis erythrorhiza, J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 88: 2-3, 241-7.
17. Latha, C, Microwave-assisted extraction of embelin from Embelia ribes. Biotechnology Letters 2007; 29: 2, 319-322.
18. Kiehlbauch JA, Hannett GE, Salfinger M, Archinal W, Monserrat C, Carlyn C. Use of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for disk diffusion susceptibility testing in New York state laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 9, 3341-8.
19. Simpson I, Durodie J, Knott S, Shea B, Wilson J, Machka K. Effects of Following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and Deutsche Industrie Norm-Medizinische Mikrobiologie Guidelines, Country of Isolate Origin, and Site of Infection on Susceptibility of Escherichia coli to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1998; 36; 5, 1361-1365.
20. Cuenca-Estrella M, Lee-Yang W, Ciblak MA, Arthington-Skaggs BA, Mellado E, Warnock DW, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. Comparative Evaluation of NCCLS M27-A and EUCAST Broth Microdilution Procedures for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida Species. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2002; 46: 11, 3644-3647
21. Espinel-Ingroff A, Barchiesi F, Cuenca-Estrella M, Pfaller MA, Rinaldi M, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Verweij PE. International and Multicenter Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI M27-A2 Broth Microdilution Methods for Testing Susceptibilities of Candida spp. to Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole, and Voriconazole. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 8, 3884–3889.
22. Drobniewski F, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Hoffner S. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (EUCAST document E.DEF 8.1)--report of the Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 12, 1144-56.
23. Kahlmeter G, Brown DFJ, Goldstein FW, MacGowan AP, Mouton JW, Österlund A, Rodloff A, Steinbakk M, Urbaskova P, Vatopoulos A. European harmonization of MIC breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2003; 52: 145-148.
24. Manjuan L, Veronique S, David R, Katerere B, Alexander I. Colorimetric broth microdilution method for the antifungal screening of plant extracts against yeasts. Methods 2007; 42: 325–329.
25. Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Diaz-Guerra TM, Mellado E, Cano V, Tapia C, Perkins A, Gomez-Lopez A, Rodero L, Cuenca-Estrella M. Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Identification of Trichosporon Species, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2005; 49: 10, 4026-4034.
2. Joshi R, Kamat JP, Mukherjee T. Free radical scavenging reactions and antioxidant activity of embelin: Biochemical and pulse radiolytic studies, Chemico-Biological Interactions 2007; 167: 2, 125-134.
3. Seth SD, Johri N, Sundaram KR. antispermatogenic effect of embelin from embelia ribes. Ind J Pharmac 1982; 14: 2, 207-211.
4. Radhakrishnan N, Alam M. Antifertility activity of embelin in albino rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1975; 3: 70-71.
5. Arora RB, Ghatak N, Gupta SP. Antifertility activity of Embelia ribes. Indian J Med Res 1971; 6: l-5.
6. Anand OP, Sisodia B, Mathur R. Antiimplantation mechanism of action of embelin in rats. Phytotherapy Research 2006; 6: 1, 29 – 33.
7. Gupta S, Sanyal S, Kanwar U. Effects of embelin, a male antifertility agent, on absorptive and digestive functions of rat intestine. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 33: 3, 203-12.
8. Chitraa M, Shyamala Devia CS, Sukumar E. Antibacterial activity of embelin. Fitoterapia 2003; 74: 4, 401-403.
9. Seok Ahn K, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Embelin, an Inhibitor of X Chromosome-Linked Inhibitor-of- Apoptosis Protein, Blocks Nuclear Factor-КB (NF-ÑœB) Signaling Pathway Leading to Suppression of NF-КB-Regulated Antiapoptotic and Metastatic Gene Products. Molecular Pharmacology 2007; 71: 1, 209–219.
10. Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Xu L, Hu Z, Tomita Y, Li P, Roller PP, Wang R, Fang X, Guo R, Zhang M, Lippman ME, Yang D, Wang S. Discovery of embelin as a cell-permeable, small-molecular weight inhibitor of XIAP through structure-based computational screening of a traditional herbal medicine three-dimensional structure database. J Med Chem 2004; 47: 10, 2430-40.
11. Shahid M, Shahzad A, Sobia F, Sahai A, Tripathi T, Singh A, Khan HM. Plant Natural Products as a Potential Source for Antibacterial Agents: Recent Trends, Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 8: 3, 211-225.
12. Bhandari U, Nazam Ansari M, Islam F, Tripathi CD. The effect of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes Burm on serum homocysteine, lipids and oxidative enzymes in methionine induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 40: 4, 152-157.
13. Choudhury RP, Md. Ibrahim A, Bharathi HN, Venkatasubramanian P. Quantitative Analysis of Embelin in Myrsine africana L. (Myrsinaceae) using HPLC and HPTLC, Electronic Journal of Food and Plants Chemistry 2007; 2: 1, 20-24.
14. Jalalpure SS, Alagawadi KR, Mahajanashetti CS, Shah BN, Salahuddin, Singh V, Patil JK. In vitro anthelmintic property of various seed oils against Pheritima posthuma. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007; 69: 158-60.
15. Kobaisy M, Cantrell CL, Mims AB, Lax AR, Tellez MR, Osbrink WLA. Activity of 1, 4-Benzoquinones against Formosan Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes formosanus), J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 4021-4026.
16. Feresin GE, Tapia A, Sortino M, Zacchino S, de Arias AR, Inchausti A, Yaluff G, Rodriguez J, Theoduloz C, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Bioactive alkyl phenols and embelin from Oxalis erythrorhiza, J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 88: 2-3, 241-7.
17. Latha, C, Microwave-assisted extraction of embelin from Embelia ribes. Biotechnology Letters 2007; 29: 2, 319-322.
18. Kiehlbauch JA, Hannett GE, Salfinger M, Archinal W, Monserrat C, Carlyn C. Use of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for disk diffusion susceptibility testing in New York state laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 9, 3341-8.
19. Simpson I, Durodie J, Knott S, Shea B, Wilson J, Machka K. Effects of Following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and Deutsche Industrie Norm-Medizinische Mikrobiologie Guidelines, Country of Isolate Origin, and Site of Infection on Susceptibility of Escherichia coli to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1998; 36; 5, 1361-1365.
20. Cuenca-Estrella M, Lee-Yang W, Ciblak MA, Arthington-Skaggs BA, Mellado E, Warnock DW, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. Comparative Evaluation of NCCLS M27-A and EUCAST Broth Microdilution Procedures for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida Species. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2002; 46: 11, 3644-3647
21. Espinel-Ingroff A, Barchiesi F, Cuenca-Estrella M, Pfaller MA, Rinaldi M, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Verweij PE. International and Multicenter Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI M27-A2 Broth Microdilution Methods for Testing Susceptibilities of Candida spp. to Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole, and Voriconazole. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 8, 3884–3889.
22. Drobniewski F, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Hoffner S. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (EUCAST document E.DEF 8.1)--report of the Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 12, 1144-56.
23. Kahlmeter G, Brown DFJ, Goldstein FW, MacGowan AP, Mouton JW, Österlund A, Rodloff A, Steinbakk M, Urbaskova P, Vatopoulos A. European harmonization of MIC breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2003; 52: 145-148.
24. Manjuan L, Veronique S, David R, Katerere B, Alexander I. Colorimetric broth microdilution method for the antifungal screening of plant extracts against yeasts. Methods 2007; 42: 325–329.
25. Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Diaz-Guerra TM, Mellado E, Cano V, Tapia C, Perkins A, Gomez-Lopez A, Rodero L, Cuenca-Estrella M. Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Identification of Trichosporon Species, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2005; 49: 10, 4026-4034.
Published
03-10-2009
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“SCREENING OF EMBELIA RIBES FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 1, no. 3, Oct. 2009, pp. 203-6, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2009.010314.
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How to Cite
“SCREENING OF EMBELIA RIBES FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 1, no. 3, Oct. 2009, pp. 203-6, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2009.010314.
