LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BASED NANOPARTICLES AS POTENTIAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR THERAPEUTICS: THE WAY FORWARD?
Abstract
A significant effort is underway to develop low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles as potential alternates for conventional high molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles as delivery systems. Among the various options, low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles are attractive future delivery systems for nucleic acids, proteins and drugs due to their smaller particle size, higher solubility, higher permeability, higher association efficiency, better biodegradability, higher release efficiency, non haemolytic nature and lower cytotoxicity at normal physiological condition. In this current scenario, recent progresses on preparation techniques of Low Molecular Weight Biodegradable Polymer based nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications are focused in this review. However, there are significant remaining issues to practical applications, such as specific interactions of these low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles with human organs, tissue cells, resistant microbial cells, biomolecules, and metabolic fate. Hence, further deep research for overcoming these practical barriers may be pioneered a new avenue in the near future.
Keywords:
Nanoparticles, biodegradable polymer, low molecular weight, delivery system, therapeutic applicationDOI
https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020105References
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2. Bivas-Benita M, Van-Meijgaarden KE, Franken KL, Junginger HE, Borchard G, Ottenhoff TH, Geluk A. Pulmonary delivery of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles enhances the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine. 2004; 22: 1609-1615.
3. Khatri K, Goyel AK, Gupta PN, Mishra N, Vyas SP. Plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatistis B. Int J Pharm. 2008; 354: 235-241.
4. Zhang H, Cheng C, Zheng M, Chen JL, Meng MJ, Zhao ZZ, Chen Q, Xie Z, Li JL, Yang Y, Shen Y, Wang HN, Wang ZZ, Gao R. Enhancement of immunity to an Escherichia coli vaccine in mice orally inoculated with a fusion gene encoding porcine interleukin 4 and 6. Vaccine. 2007; 25: 7094-7101.
5. Nakamura F, Onishi H, Machida Y, Nagai T. Lysozyme-catalyzed degradation properties of the conjugates between chitosans having some deacetylation degrees and methotrexate. Yakuzaigaku. 1992; 52: 59-67.
6. Yang X, Yuan X, Cai D, Wang S, Zong L. Low molecular weight chitosan in DNA vaccine delivery via mucosa. Int J Pharm. 2009; 375:123-132.
7. MacLaughlin FC, Mumper RJ, Wang J, Tagliaferri JM, Gill I, Hinchcliffe M, Alain PR. Chitosan and depolymerised chitosan oligomers as condensing carriers for in vivo plasmid delivery. J Control drug Release. 1998; 56: 359-272.
8. Richardson SC, Kolbe HV, Duncan R. Potential of low molecular weight mass chitosan as a DNA delivery system: biocompatibility, body distribution, and ability to complex and protect DNA. Int J Pharm. 1999; 178: 231-243.
9. Lin Y-H, Mi F-L, Chen C-T, Chang W-C, Peng S-F, Liang H-F, Sung H-W. Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles Shelled with Chitosan for Oral Insulin Delivery. Biomacromolecules. 2007; 8: 146-152.
10. Duceppe N, Tabrizian M. Factors influencing the transfection efficiency of ultra low molecular weight chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2009; 30: 2625-2631.
11. Zhou X, Zhang X, Yu X, Zha X, Fu Q, Liu B, Wang X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Shan Y, Jin Y, Wu Y, Liu J, Kong W, Shen J. The effect of conjugation to gold nanoparticles on the ability of low molecular weight chitosan to transfer DNA vaccine. Biomaterials. 2008; 29: 111-117.
12. Gan Q, Wang T. Chitosan nanoparticle as protein delivery carrier-Systematic examination of fabrication conditions for efficient loading and release. Colloids Surf B: Biointerf. 2007; 59: 24-34.
13. Zhang Y, Huo M, Zhou J, Yu D, Wu Y. Potential of amphiphilically modified low molecular weight chitosan as a novel carrier for hydrophobic anticancer drug: characterization, micellization and cytotoxicity evaluation. J Carbohydr Polym. 2009; 77: 231-238.
14. Kim D-G, Jeong Y-I, Changyong C, Roh S-H, Kang S-k, Jang M-K, Nah J-W. Retinol-encapsulated low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Pharm. 2006; 319: 130-138.
15. Yang H-C, Hon M-H. The effect of the molecular weight of chitosan nanoparticles and its application on drug delivery. Microchem J. 2009; 92: 87-91.
16. Yoksan R, Akashi M. Low molecular weight chitosan-g-L-phenylalanine: preparation, characterization and complex with DNA. Carbohydr Polym. 2009; 75: 95-103.
17. Park K, Kim J-H, Nam YS, Lee S, Nam HY, Kim K, Park I-S, Choi K, Kim SY, Kwon IC. Effect of polymer molecular weight on the tumor targeting characteristics of self-assembled glycol chitosan nanoparticles. J Control Release. 2007; 122: 305-314.
18. Gao S, Chen J, Xu X, Ding Z, Yang Y-H, Hua Z, Zhang J. Galactosylated low molecular weight chitosan as DNA carrier for hepatocyte-targeting. Int J Pharm. 2003; 255: 57-68.
19. Haung X, Du Y-Z, Yaun H, Hu F-Q. Preparation and pharmacodynamics of low-molecular-weight chitosan nanoparticles containing insulin. Carbohydr Polym. 2009; 76: 368-373.
20. Hirsjarvi S, Peltonen L, Hirvonen J. Layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coating of low molecular weight poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B: Biointerf. 2006; 49: 93-99.
21. Hyvonen S, Peltonen L, Karjalainen M, Hirvonen J. Effect of nanoprecipitation on the physicochemical properties of low molecular weight poly (L-lactic acid) nanoparticles loaded with sulbutamol sulphate and beclomethasone dipropionate. Int J Pharm. 2005; 295: 269-281.
22. Mittal G, Sahana DK, Bhardwaj V, Kumar MNVR. Estradiol loaded PLGA nanoparticles for oral administration: Effect of polymer molecular weight and copolymer composition on release behaviour in vitro and in vivo. J Control Release. 2007; 119: 77-85.
23. O’Sullivan C, Birkinshaw C. Hydrolysis of poly (n-butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles using esterase. Polym Degrad Stab. 2002; 78: 7-15.
24. Sullivan CO, Birkinshaw C. In vitro degradation of insulin-loaded poly (n-butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2004; 25: 4375-4382.
25. Yang T, Hussain A, Bai S, Khalil IA, Harashima H, Ahsen F. Positively charged polyehylenimines enhance nasal absorption of the negatively charged drug, low molecular heparin. J Control Release. 2006; 115: 289-197.
26. Madlova M, Jones SA, Zwerschke Y, Ma Y, Hider RC, Forbes B. Poly(Vinyl alcohol) nanoparticle stability in biological media and uptake in respiratory epithelial cell layers in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009; 72: 438-443.
27. Saxena A, Sachin K, Bohidar HB, Verma AK. Effect of molecular weight heterogenecity on drug encapsulation efficiency of gelatin nano-particles. Colloids Surf B: Biointerf. 2005; 45: 42-48.
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01-01-2010
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“LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BASED NANOPARTICLES AS POTENTIAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR THERAPEUTICS: THE WAY FORWARD?”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 31-34, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020105.
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How to Cite
“LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BASED NANOPARTICLES AS POTENTIAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR THERAPEUTICS: THE WAY FORWARD?”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 31-34, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2010.020105.
