Formulation and characterization of invasomes containing adapalene using box-behnken design

Authors

  • Manu Singhai Faculty of Pharmacy, RKDF University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  • Mohan Lal Kori Faculty of Pharmacy, RKDF University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

This study concentrated on the creation and description of invasomes loaded with adapalene for improved topical delivery using a Box-Behnken experimental design. Invasomes, flexible vesicular carriers, were formulated with varying concentrations of limonene and ethanol as penetration enhancers and different levels of phosphatidylcholines and sonication time. The formulation parameters were changed to decrease size of vesicle as well as improve efficiency of entrapment (EE). A size of vesicle 96.65 nm, an EE of 73.32%, as well as potential zeta of -42.23 mV were all shown by the optimized formulation (F6). Drug release that is in vitro which studies indicated continued release of adapalene over 12 hours, with enhanced permeation observed with both limonene and ethanol as enhancers. Research on stability at 4°C and 25°C demonstrated good stability, with only slight changes in vesicle size and EE over 3 months. The results suggested that the optimized adapalene-loaded invasomes offered a promising strategy for improving the transdermal delivery and efficacy that is therapeutic of adapalene for treating dermatological disorders.

Keywords:

Adapalene, invasomes, Box-Behnken design, Transdermal drug delivery, limonene, Phosphatidylcholine, Entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, Drug release, Stability study

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2025.170303

References

Rusu A, Tanase C, Pascu GA, Todoran N. Recent advances regarding the therapeutic potential of adapalene. Pharmaceuticals. 2020 Aug 28;13(9):217. Available from: DOI: 10.3390/ph13090217, PubMed: 32872149.

Lakshmi PK, Mounica V, Manoj KY, Prasanthi D. Preparation and evaluation of curcumin invasomes. International Journal of Drug Delivery. 2014 Apr 1;6(2):113-120.

Babaie S, Ghanbarzadeh S, Davaran S, Kouhsoltani M, Hamishehkar H. Nanoethosomes for dermal delivery of lidocaine. Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin. 2015 Nov 30;5(4):549. Available from: DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.074, PubMed: 26819928.

Arooj A, Rehman AU, Iqbal M, Naz I, Alhodaib A, Ahmed N. Development of adapalene loaded liposome based gel for acne. Gels. 2023 Feb 6;9(2):135. Available from: DOI: 10.3390/gels9020135, PubMed: 36826305.

Dragicevic-Curic N, Scheglmann D, Albrecht V, Fahr A. Development of different temoporfin-loaded invasomes novel nanocarriers of temoporfin: Characterization, stability and in vitro skin penetration studies. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2009 May 1;70(2):198-206. Available from: DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.12.030, PubMed: 19188048.

Bhura MR, Bhagat KA, Shah SK. Formulation and evaluation of topical nano emulgel of adapalene. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015 May 3:1013-24.

Lakshmi PK, Kalpana B, Prasanthi D. Invasomes-novel vesicular carriers for enhanced skin permeation. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2013 Jan 1;4(1).

Aqil M, Ahad A, Sultana Y, Ali A. Status of terpenes as skin penetration enhancers. Drug discovery today. 2007 Dec 1;12(23-24):1061-7. Available from: DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.09.001, PubMed: 18061886.

Dragicevic-Curic N, Scheglmann D, Albrecht V, Fahr A. Temoporfin-loaded invasomes: development, characterization and in vitro skin penetration studies. Journal of Controlled Release. 2008 Apr 7;127(1):59-69. Available from: DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.013, PubMed: 18281119.

Published

30-05-2025
Statistics
Abstract Display: 53
PDF Downloads: 25
Dimension Badge

How to Cite

“Formulation and Characterization of Invasomes Containing Adapalene Using Box-Behnken Design”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 17, no. 3, May 2025, pp. 234-42, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2025.170303.

Issue

Section

Research Article

How to Cite

“Formulation and Characterization of Invasomes Containing Adapalene Using Box-Behnken Design”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 17, no. 3, May 2025, pp. 234-42, https://doi.org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2025.170303.

Most read articles by the same author(s)